TABLE 5.1 Properties of the common amino acids found in proteins pK, of a-COOH Group pk, of a-NH Group pK, of lonizing Side Chain Abbreviations: 1- Residue Mass Occurrence in Name and 3-letter codes (daltons) Proteins (mol %) Alanine A, Ala 2.3 9.7 71.08 8.7 Arginine R, Arg 2.2 9.0 12.5 156.20 5.0 Asparagine N, Asn 2.0 8.8 114.11 4.2 D, Asp C, Cys Q, Gin E, Glu G, Gly Н, His I, lle Aspartic acid 2.1 9.8 3.9 115.09 5.9 Cysteine 1.8 10.8 8.3 103.14 1.3 Glutamine 2.2 9.1 128.14 3.7 Glutamic acid 2.2 9.7 4.2 129.12 6.6 Glycine 2.3 9.6 57.06 7.9 Histidine 1.8 9.2 6.0 137.15 2.4 Isoleucine 2.4 9.7 113.17 5.5 Leucine L, Leu 2.4 9.6 113.17 8.9 K, Lys М, Met F, Phe Lysine 2.2 9.0 10.0 128.18 5.5 Methionine 2.3 9.2 131.21 2.0 Phenylalanine 1.8 9.1 147.18 4.0 Proline P, Pro 2.0 10.6 97.12 4.7 Serine S, Ser 2.2 9.2 87.08 5.8 Threonine T, Thr 2.6 10.4 101.11 5.6 Tryptophan W, Trp 2.4 9.4 186.21 1.5 Tyrosine Y, Tyr 2.2 9.1 10.1 163.18 3.5 Valine V, Val 2.3 9.6 99.14 7.2

Q: amino acid in the form of a "phenylthiohydantoin" (PTH-amino acid), are shown below. What is the…

A: Phenyl isothiocynate is the Edman reagent. It reacts with N-terminal amino acid to give phenyl…

Q: Use the pka values, calculate the isoelectric point (pl) of the following amino acids. a) Leucine b)…

A:

Q: Determine the net charge (to the nearest integer) on the following peptide at pH5 AND pH 12.…

A:

Q: Identify and briefly describe three different PEGylation strategies you can use to PEGylate this…

A: The process of PEGylation improves drug solubility and decreases immunogenicity of a molecule that…

Q: peptide Lys-Glu-Trp  answer the following questions:         Draw the structure of this peptide…

A: There are 4 types of biological macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and…

Q: Suppose you have a peptide composed of 4 amino acids bonded together: alanine, arginine, asparagine,…

A: Amino acids are the type of biomolecules that form polymers by combining through a peptide bond. The…

Q: A researcher performed an SDS-PAGE experiment (with 2- mercaptoethanol) on a mixture containing 3…

A: G

Q: Two peptide sequences are shown below. Peptide A: N-term – GDL – C-term Peptide B: N-term – GTL –…

A: A peptide is a short chain of amino acids that contains one or more amino acids. Peptide bonds…

Q: Calculate the net charge on the following tripeptides at pH 5.0: (a) Leu-His-Asp [0] (b)…

A: Recall that: Amino acid sequences are written with N-terminal amino acid on the left and C-terminal…

Q: 1) (10 points) Draw a schematic of the chemical structure of the Leu-Tyr-Met-Lys tetrapeptide, with…

A: For the estimated pI, it can be noted that there are only 3 ionizable groups in the tetrapeptide: 1)…

Q: whereas protein B does not absorb at 340 nm. What absorbance will be observed when light at 340 nm…

A: Given, ε (extinction coefficient) = 6440 M-1 cm-1 l (path length) = 5 mm = 0.5 cm c (concentration)…

Q: Identify and briefly describe the different PEGylation strategies you can use to PEGylate this…

A: PEGylation refers to the process where polyethylene glycol polymer is chemically added to a protein…

Q: Determine the net charge on the following pentapeptide "Lys-Ala-His-Asp-Ser" at: a. pH 1.0 b. pH…

A: The estimated charge on the given Lys-Ala-His-Asp-Ser peptide is +3.At low pH, the amino acid is…

Q: Describe the concept of isoelectric point and calculate the PI for isoleucine?

A: Isoelectric point is the pH value at which the charge on an amino acid is zero.

Q: Draw the structure of VEDMN at pH 12. What is the isoelectric point of the peptide (show how you…

A: Given peptide is composed of five amino acids so it will be called pentapeptide. The amino acids…

Q: Apamine is a small protein toxin present in the venom of the honeybee. Ithas the…

A: Apamin is an 18 amino acid globular peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin.

Q: Consider a protein in which a negatively charged glutamic acid side chain (pKa=4.2) makes a salt…

A: Salt bridges are attractive interactions between two oppositely charged groups. So, more oppositely…

Q: Draw a schematic of the chemical structure of the Leu-Tyr-Met-Lys tetrapeptide, with the correct…

A: Structure of Leu-Tyr-Met-Lys at neutral pH (7) :  At neutral pH (around 7), the ionization state of…

Q: Amino acid structure For any ionizable group, indicate the pka value and draw the structure that…

A: All ionizable groups have their characteristic pKa value. pKa is the pH at which half of all the…

Q: What is the net charge on the peptide RHTLE at pH 12.5?

A: Amino acids have ionizable groups in them. All ionizable groups have their characteristic pKa…

Q: The amino acid arginine ionizes according to the following scheme: (a) Calculate the isoelectric…

A: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.