Suppose you are given some facts in First-Order Logics: a) kevin is a professor b) All professors are people. c) john is the dean. d) All Deans are professors. e) All professors consider the dean a friend or don’t know him. f) Everyone is a friend of someone. g) People only criticize people that are not their friends. h) kevin criticized john . Prove that: john is not kevin's friend.

Q: Create a compound proposition involving the propositional variables p, q and r that is true when p…

A: Answer: Introduction: The questions tell you that there are three variables of information p, q, and…

Q: Construct proof for the following argument within the system of sentential logic: 1. ~Q ⊃ ~R…

A: To construct a proof for the given argument within the system of sentential logic, we will use the…

Q: Can you redraw it to where it easier to understand? Like this for example?

A: From the given truth table we can determine the number of inputs and output. There are 4 inputs…

Q: Consider the problem of learning the target concept "pairs of people who live in the same house,"…

A: We are to apply the PROLOG-EBG algorithm to learn the target idea of "pairs of people who live in…

Q: VX(P(X) v Q(X)) –→ (VXP(X) V VXQ(X)) The above expression follows from the valid argument forms of…

A: Solution:   Given,

Q: Can you say in short what is “Reinforcement Learning”

A: The answer is given in the below step

Q: Each of the following statements is true or false. And explain why.

A: Option B will be the TRUE Explanation : For all the triangle x there is a square y such that x and y…

Q: Which statement below is false? a. Humans and computers are limited in the amount of information…

A: Given: Which statement below is false?

Q: Predicate calculus, converting from english to logic. Let H(p,d) be the predicate to person (p) has…

A: AS PER OUR POLICY “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first…

Q: For the purposes of this problem, it does not matter exactly how the fi are define only that they…

A: The following solution is

Q: Help me with the problem with Fuzzy Logic Mamda

A: Help me with the problem with Fuzzy Logic Mamdani and Sugeno!

Q: Topic: Propositional Logic Guidelines: - type out the work (do not handwrite) - explain everything…

A: Some rules in Propositional logic Law of implication:    A→B = ~A∨B Disjunctive syllogism:    A∨B,…

Q: For each of the statements below, say what method of proof you should use to prove them. Then say…

A:

Q: (b) Using the given translation key, give translations of the following sentences. B (x, y): x bores…

A: The answer for the given question is as follows.

Q: Give a context-free grammar that generates the language { x in {a,b}* | the length of x is odd and…

A: CFG: CFG stands for context-free grammar. It is a formal grammar that is used to generate all…

Q: Let we have two propositions A= Ali is boy, B = Mary is a Girl. Write these sentences using…

A: Hello student, hope you are doing good. The answer to the above questions are attached below.

Q: A propositional knowledge-base KB consisting of five sentences is given below (note that "/\" is…

A: A computer is a digital electronic machine that can be programmed to automatically perform a series…

Q: Translate the following First Order Logic in English sentence as attached

A: Translation:- Ali helps all X except Ahmed

Q: at least P(1), P(2) as base

A: True

Q: write a Recursive Algorithm for testing whether or not an expression w is a proposition…

A: A recursive algorithm is an algorithm which calls itself with "smaller (or simpler)" input…

Q: Formalize the following sentence in english: 3X. elephant(X)|

A: Here in this question we have given a predicate logic sentence.and we have asked to convert it into…

Q: The domain for this problem is some unspecified collection of numbers. Consider the predicate P(x,…

A: Answer: Given  P(x, y)="x is greater than y"; we need to write the translated predicated

Q: Given: (1) Let a truth table have 512 rows. Then, the number of atomic propositions in the table is…

A: Detailed explanation: The correct answer is: a. (1) is False and (2) is True. Let's analyze each…

Q: 1.ln unsupervised machine Learning we have information on the A. dependent variable only B. none of…

A: - We need to talk about the variables in unsupervised machine learning.   - The options ::  First…

Q: 41. Suppose there are signs on the doors to two rooms. The sign on the first door reads "In this…

A: The question is to solve the given puzzle.

Q: Convert each of the following argu- ments into formal statements, e.g., define sentences…

A: If you don’t do the homework, you won’t pass the final. Curly did not do the homework. Therefore…

Q: In the context of Propositional Logic, using letters to denote sentences components, translate the…

A: Let p: roses are red      q: violets are blue      r: sugar is sweet

Q: Please Help with the question below: Suppose you are given some facts in First-Order Logics: a) Andi…

A: The statement or sentence is broken down into subject or predicate , first order logic is…

Q: a. Correctness of dynamic programming algorithm: Usually, a dynamic programming algorithm can be…

A: “Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question…

Q: Construct proof for the following argument within the system of sentential logic: 1. (A & B) ⊃ (C V…

A: To prove the argument using the rules of sentential logic, we'll apply logical deductions step by…

Q: Write a program to implement an intelligent agent of the Tic-tac-toe game using adversarial search.…

A: Tic Tac Toe in Python Using The Minimax Algorithm.   Minimax Algorithm: Minimax is a kind of…

Q: his question was on a homework assignment which I could not complete before the deadline.  Show…

A: Step 1:- Tautology is defined as when the result or last step contains all the true value. For…

Q: Inference question in discrete mathematics. Use the example solution in the picture to solve this…

A: To show that the steak is not well done, we can use proof by contradiction. Suppose that the steak…

Q: For this question about predicate logic, please note that, even though the 'nonsense' words are only…

A: Given that, Universe of discourse : all gugeons B(x) : x brabbles C(x) : x corrades G(x) : x groaks…

Q: Hello, I'm trying to complete the following Discrete Maths questions.  I've attached a screenshot…

A: consider three laws to prove (1) to prove the laws given using sheet (2)to prove the laws given…

Q: Construct proof for the following argument within the system of sentential logic: 1. ~(~D ⊃ ~C) ⊃…

A: To prove the argument using the rules of sentential logic, we'll apply logical deductions step by…

Q: Convert each of the following argu- ments into formal statements, e.g., define sentences…

A: if you do the homework you will pass the final. Somebody did not pass the final. Therefore somebody…

Q: Show the following is a valid sequent: P→ (Q + R) F (P&Q) → R

A: Some Rules in Propositional Logic Law of implication:    A→B  = ~A∨B Distributive law:    A∨(B∧C) =…

Q: i need answer of all. if any answer will be skipped, your answer will be rejected. only complete…

A:

Q: Let the domain of discourse be all animals. Translate "There is an animal that is slower than every…

A: Answer

Q: 1. Using Laws of the Predicate Calculus 0-12, prove the following: [X ^ (Y ^Z) = (X ^ Y) ^ Z] "A…

A: 1. answer: [X^(Y^Z)] = [(X^Y)^Z] LHS. [X^(Y^Z)] = (X^Y) ^ (X^Z) =(X^Y)^Z  [*11 GOLDEN RULE]

Inference in AI

The inference is finding a conclusion or result based on any data, events, and any information. Usually, there will be a set of conditions and the conclusion is made, which satisfies all the given conditions are true. The conclusion is made according to the inference rules. Any artificial intelligence agent or an intelligent system uses the inference engine to find a better result or output. The work of the inference engine is to analyze the fact and figures based on all circumstances. After the analysis, the machine concludes this fact and gives it to the agent. The agent uses this conclusion for further processing and decision-making. Intelligent systems will generate new logic from existing ones based on the facts.