Let we have two propositions A= Ali is boy, B = Mary is a Girl. Write these sentences using propositional logic (Subject: Artificial Intelligence) Ali is boy and mary is a girl             II. Ali is boy and mary is not a girl           Ali is not a boy or mary is a girl           IV. If Ali is boy then mary is a girl

Q: The compound propositions (a ⊕ b) and ¬ (a ↔ b) are equivalent.

A: Two propositions are equivalent if there truth table are equal .

Q: Convert the following Propositional Logic sentence to CNF: ~A ⇒ (B ∧ C) You must show intermediate…

A: 1. Implication to Disjunction:In propositional logic, implication (A ⇒ B) can be rewritten as the…

Q: Express the following sentences as combined propositions: r=it is raining; g=game is on; s=stadium…

A: a) r --> g b)r --> s c)  (~r^g) --> ~s d) ~g --> (r^s) e)(~s^r) --> g If you cannot…

Q: 2. Consider the following propositions: D is the proposition “You are a dog." C is the proposition…

A: As per Bartleby guideline's “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve…

Q: Symbolize each of the following using predicate logic (PL): ELECTRONS are elementary PARTICLES but…

A: Below i have given the answers  Taken the 3 questions as a,b and c

Q: The foundation of formal approaches is logic. Propositional and predicate logics are the most common…

A: Predicate logic extends propositional logic by introducing predicates that are used to make…

Q: Complete the truth table for the implication. You must submit a complete TT. (A ∧ ~B) → C. A B…

A: According to the information given:- We have to complete the mentioned truth table of (A ∧ ~B) → C.

Q: Convert each of the following arguments into formal statements e,g define sentences existentially…

A: Answer: First, break the argument into premises and a conclusion. P1 = if you do the homework you…

Q: What is of the following formulae are tautologies (always true)? (Select all that are tautologies).…

A: Tautology:- The tautology can be described  a compound statement and which always generates the…

Q: Convert the following English sentences into a First-Order Logic expression.  Galadriel likes…

A: Galadriel likes everyone 1) assuming everyone is human being. ∀x like (Galadriel,x)   2) assuming…

Q: Construct formal proofs for the following arguments:  1. ¬(A ∨ B) ⊢ ¬A   2. A, ¬B ⊢ ¬(A → B)…

A: All the above questions have been answered in step2 please go through that.

Q: Translate the following First Order Logic in English sentence as attached

A: Translation:- Ali helps all X except Ahmed

Q: Write a propositional formula that is true if and only if exactly one of p, q, and r is true

A: Given: Write a propositional formula that is true if and only if exactly one of p, q,and r is true

Q: Using the predicate symbols shown and the appropriate quantifiers, write each English language…

A: Given - The domain is the whole world.D(x): x is a dayS(x): x is sunnyR(x): x is rainyM: MondayT:…

Q: 8. Let C(r) be the statement "x has a pet cat," let D(x) be the statement "x has a dog," let H(a) be…

A: A(x) is the statement defined in the problem, it says "x is allergic to animals". Quantifiers are…

Q: Convert each of the following argu- ments into formal statements, e.g., define sentences…

A: If you don’t do the homework, you won’t pass the final. Curly did not do the homework. Therefore…

Q: In the context of Propositional Logic, using letters to denote sentences components, translate the…

A: Let p: roses are red      q: violets are blue      r: sugar is sweet

Q: Please Help with the question below: Suppose you are given some facts in First-Order Logics: a) Andi…

A: The statement or sentence is broken down into subject or predicate , first order logic is…

Q: Construct proof for the following argument within the system of sentential logic: 1. (A & B) ⊃ (C V…

A: To prove the argument using the rules of sentential logic, we'll apply logical deductions step by…

Q: Prolog: We are writing bst_member/2, a relation between an integer and a binary search tree…

A: Question 1 The correct answer is option (B) No, we have not specified what to do when the integer is…

Inference in AI

The inference is finding a conclusion or result based on any data, events, and any information. Usually, there will be a set of conditions and the conclusion is made, which satisfies all the given conditions are true. The conclusion is made according to the inference rules. Any artificial intelligence agent or an intelligent system uses the inference engine to find a better result or output. The work of the inference engine is to analyze the fact and figures based on all circumstances. After the analysis, the machine concludes this fact and gives it to the agent. The agent uses this conclusion for further processing and decision-making. Intelligent systems will generate new logic from existing ones based on the facts.