Suppose we have a processor with a base CPI of 1, assuming all references hit in the primary cache, and a clock rate of 2 GHz. Assume a main memory access time of 200 ns, including all miss handling. Suppose the miss rate per instruction at the primary cache is 3%. How much faster will the processor be if we add a secondary cache that has 10 ns access time for either a hit or a miss and is large enough to reduce the miss rate to main memory to 1%?

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