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Suppose we have a formula for the titration function P(x). What calculation would we want to do to find the equivalence point? What is our mathematical name for that type of point?

Suppose we have a formula for the titration function P(x). What calculation would we want to do to find the equivalence point? What is our mathematical name for that type of point?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Suppose we have a formula for the titration function P(x). What calculation would we want to do to find the equivalence point? What is our mathematical name for that type of point?

**Titration in Chemical Analysis** Titration is a method of chemical analysis in which a reactive substance is slowly added to another substance, and some property of the combined substance is measured. This procedure is taught in CHM 116, General Chemistry II. We will be looking at an example of acid-base titration. Specifically, 25 mL of an unknown monoprotic weak acid is titrated against 0.105M NaOH (which is a strong base). This means we are adding the base to the acid using a burette in a slow and precisely controlled manner. We measure the pH after each addition. (A pH of less than 7 is an acid, and a pH of more than 7 is a base.)
Transcribed Image Text:**Titration in Chemical Analysis** Titration is a method of chemical analysis in which a reactive substance is slowly added to another substance, and some property of the combined substance is measured. This procedure is taught in CHM 116, General Chemistry II. We will be looking at an example of acid-base titration. Specifically, 25 mL of an unknown monoprotic weak acid is titrated against 0.105M NaOH (which is a strong base). This means we are adding the base to the acid using a burette in a slow and precisely controlled manner. We measure the pH after each addition. (A pH of less than 7 is an acid, and a pH of more than 7 is a base.)
**Educational Resource: NaOH Titration Curve Data** This table represents the titration data of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) with a particular acid. The data includes the volume of NaOH added in milliliters and the corresponding pH value of the solution. | mL of NaOH | pH | |------------|------| | 0 | 2.22 | | 5 | 2.83 | | 8 | 3.09 | | 10 | 3.23 | | 13 | 3.41 | | 15 | 3.53 | | 18 | 3.71 | | 20 | 3.83 | | 25 | 4.24 | | 27 | 4.51 | | 28 | 4.72 | | 29 | 5.10 | | 30 | 10.66| | 31 | 11.37| | 33 | 11.77| | 35 | 11.96| | 40 | 12.22| **Analysis:** - Initially, at 0 mL of NaOH, the pH is acidic at 2.22. - As NaOH is gradually added, the pH increases at a steady rate until around 29 mL. - At approximately 30 mL, there is a sharp increase in pH, indicating the equivalence point where the acid is neutralized. - After the equivalence point, further addition of NaOH results in a more gradual increase in pH, indicating the solution is becoming increasingly basic. This data is useful for understanding the neutralization process in titrations and how pH changes with the addition of a base to an acidic solution.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Resource: NaOH Titration Curve Data** This table represents the titration data of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) with a particular acid. The data includes the volume of NaOH added in milliliters and the corresponding pH value of the solution. | mL of NaOH | pH | |------------|------| | 0 | 2.22 | | 5 | 2.83 | | 8 | 3.09 | | 10 | 3.23 | | 13 | 3.41 | | 15 | 3.53 | | 18 | 3.71 | | 20 | 3.83 | | 25 | 4.24 | | 27 | 4.51 | | 28 | 4.72 | | 29 | 5.10 | | 30 | 10.66| | 31 | 11.37| | 33 | 11.77| | 35 | 11.96| | 40 | 12.22| **Analysis:** - Initially, at 0 mL of NaOH, the pH is acidic at 2.22. - As NaOH is gradually added, the pH increases at a steady rate until around 29 mL. - At approximately 30 mL, there is a sharp increase in pH, indicating the equivalence point where the acid is neutralized. - After the equivalence point, further addition of NaOH results in a more gradual increase in pH, indicating the solution is becoming increasingly basic. This data is useful for understanding the neutralization process in titrations and how pH changes with the addition of a base to an acidic solution.
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