Suppose that three drugs used to reduce cholesterol are compared in a randomized experiment in which three people use each drug for a month. The data for the reductions in cholesterol level for the N = 9 participants follow. Drug 1 Drug 2 Drug 3 6 10 4 14 12 6
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- 2. Metal Tags on Penguins and Survival. Data were collected over a 10-year timespan from a sample of 100 penguins that were randomly given either metal or electronic tags. One variable examined is the survival rate 10 years after tagging. The scientists observed that 10 of the 50 metal tagged penguins survived, compared to 18 of the 50 electronic tagged penguins. Test whether the survival rate is lower among metal- tagged penguins than among electronic-tagged penguins. Use subscripts E for Electronic and M for Metal. a. State hypotheses. b. Calculate the sample statistic PE - PM c. Use Normal distribution methods to calculate a z-test statistic, given SE = 0.0898. d. Find the p-value and draw a Normal curve with z-statistic and appropriate shaded region. Normal curve: p-value: e. State the conclusion of the test in context, using nontechnical language. f. Find a 90% confidence interval to three decimal places for this difference in proportions, given SE= 0.08836. Show your…The impact of a low-calorie diet on laboratory mice's longevity is being investigated by a medical researcher. Twenty mice are split into two groups (E and F) by random. A typical diet is given to Group E, while Group F is given a diet that only contains 70% as many calories as Group E's diet. The length of life (in days) of each mouse over the 36-month trial is documented. Table 2 provides the data that was obtained. The symbol of double star (**) signifies that the mouse was still alive at the end of the investigation. (a) (b) (c) Table 2: The length of life (in days) of each mouse Group E 900 907 751 833 920 787 830 877 848 901 Group F 1037 905 1023 988 1078 1011 ** 1063 898 1033 State a suitable null and alternative hypotheses for the problem. At 5% significance level, test the hypotheses in part (a) by using an appropriate nonparametric test. Write your conclusion.For the population of college students, the number of hours spent studying per week is normally distributed with a = 4.40 and = 2.32 hours. We surveyed a random sample of students majoring in psychology about the number of hours they spent studying this past week. The data is as follows: 6, 8, 9, 4, 3, 11, 4, 6, 5, 7 What is the dependent variable? What is the level of measurement of the dependent variable? 3. Is there a significant increase in the number of hours spent studying for our sample compared to the population of college students? Perform a complete hypothesis test (z-test) using alpha = .01 level. SHOW ALL WORK
- The following table represents the results of the study which compares effects of regular coffee vs decaffeinated coffee. The outcome is a development of headache. Regular coffee Headaches 17 Decaffeinated coffee 9 Total 26 No headaches 51 55 106 Which of the values best represents the risk difference(RD) in this study?A researcher believes that there may be a negative association between the quantity of fertilizer used and the percentage of the population who live in rural areas in different countries. The data below shows the percentage of the population who live in rural areas and the fertilizer use measured in kg per hectare, for a random sample of 11 countries. 33%= 76kg, 6%=44kg, 58%= 6kg, 35%=68kg, 81%=3kg, 69%=10kg, 61%=7kg, 7%=176kg,74%=5kg, 71%=137kg, 17%=157kg Use the Spearman's rank order coefficient method to affirm or disagree with the researchers assumption.what is the predicted number of sleep hours for persons with 60 years of age?
- An agricultural field trial compares the yield of two varieties of corn. The researchers divide in half each of 20 fields of land in different locations and plant each corn variety in one half of each plot. After harvest, the yields are compared in bushels per acre at each location. The 20 differences (Variety A - Variety B) givex¯=3.2x¯=3.2 and s=4.63s=4.63. Does this sample provide evidence that Variety A had a higher yield than Variety B? (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses: (Type "mu" for the symbol μμ , e.g. mu >> 1 for the mean is greater than 1, mu << 1 for the mean is less than 1, mu not = 1 for the mean is not equal to 1) H0H0 : HaHa : (b) Find the test statistic, t = (c) Answer the question: Does this sample provide evidence that Variety A had a higher yield than Variety B? (Use a 5% level of significance) (Type: Yes or No)Businesses know that customers often respond to background music. Do they also respond to odors? One study of this question took place in a small pizza restaurant in France on two Saturday evenings in May. On one of these evenings, a relaxing lavender odor was spread through the restaurant. On the other evening no scent was used. The data gives the time, in minutes, that two samples of 30 customers spent in the restaurant and the amount they spent in euros. No odor Lavender Minutes Euros spent Minutes Euros spent 103103 15.915.9 9292 21.921.9 6868 18.518.5 126126 18.518.5 7979 15.915.9 114114 22.322.3 106106 18.518.5 106106 21.921.9 7272 18.518.5 8989 18.518.5 121121 21.921.9 137137 24.924.9 9292 15.915.9 9393 18.518.5 8484 15.915.9 7676 22.522.5 7272 15.915.9 9898 21.521.5 9292 15.915.9 108108 21.921.9 8585 15.915.9 124124 21.521.5 6969 18.518.5 105105 18.518.5 7373 18.518.5 129129 25.525.5 8787 18.518.5 103103 18.518.5 109109 20.520.5 107107…Refer to the data presented in Exercise 2.86. Note that there were 50% more accidents in the 25 to less than 30 age group than in the 20 to less than 25 age group. Does this suggest that the older group of drivers in this city is more accident- prone than the younger group? What other explanation might account for the difference in accident rates?
- Scientists are interested in the placebo effect on adults with arthritis. They randomly choose 15 adults with arthritis and give them 2 treatments: effective drug and placebo for 1 week at different times. At the end of each week, the scientists ask the participants to rate their arthritic pain level on a scale of 1-5, where 1 is little pain and 5 is a lot of pain. The researchers then take the difference of their pain levels (affective drug - placebo). The data are below. 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, -1, 3, 1, 2, -1, 0, 1, -2, -1, -6 (a) Find the 5-number summary for the difference of arthritic pain levels. Minimum = Q₁ = Median = USE SALT Q3 = Maximum = (b) One of the conditions for inference for population mean difference of paired data is normality. Outliers within a data set cast a shadow of doubt upon the normality of the population distribution. Use the 5-number summary calculated in part (a) to determine if there are any outliers in the data set. Which of the values, if any, is an outlier…Bighorn sheep are beautiful wild animals found throughout the western United States. Let x be the age of a bighorn sheep (in years), and let y be the mortality rate (percent that die) for this age group. For example, x = 1, y = 14 means that 14% of the bighorn sheep between 1 and 2 years old died. A random sample of Arizona bighorn sheep gave the following information: x 1 2 3 4 5 y 15.8 17.3 14.4 19.6 20.0 Σx = 15; Σy = 87.1; Σx2 = 55; Σy2 = 1,540.45; Σxy = 272 (a) Find x, y, b, and the equation of the least-squares line. (Round your answers for x and y to two decimal places. Round your least-squares estimates to three decimal places.) x = y = b = ŷ = + x (b) Draw a scatter diagram for the data. Plot the least-squares line on your scatter diagram. (c) Find the sample correlation coefficient r and the coefficient of determination r2. (Round your answers to three decimal places.) r = r2 = What percentage of variation in y is…A test is being designed to compare the wearing quality of two brands of tires, say brand A and brand B. Six automobiles will be selected and equipped with the new tires from both brands and driven under normal conditions for 1 month. A measurement will be taken to determine how much wear took place on a scale from 0 to 200. Below is a table of the paired data collected from the 6 cars in the test. [BrandA BrandB] 125 64 64 65 94 103 38 37 90 102 106 115 Conduct a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean of the difference population is 0 at a significance level of a =. State your conclusion.