Suppose that ow q is dened in terms of density k by: q = 20k - 0:2k2 (a) Find the free ow speed (b) Find the jam density

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Strain energy

The term strain indicates the variation in an object's length, area, and volume when the object is subjected to an external force. The external force may be of normal, shear, moment, torque, etc. The strain in an object depends on the types of external force and cross-section of the object. Mathematically, the evaluation of strain can be obtained with the help of elastic constants.