Suppose that a decrease in minimum wage prompted this producer to hire two additional workers. What is the maximum wage at which this rational producer would be prompted to hire two workers? Answer:
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- In New York City, 150 people are willing to work an hour as cashiers if the wage is $20 per hour. For each additional $5 that the wage rises above $20, an additional 50 people are willing to work an hour. For wages of $20, $25, $30, $35, and $40 per hour, plot the daily labor supply curve for cashiers on the following graph. 50 45 Supply 40 35 30 25 15 10 5 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 LABOR (Number of workers) What is one explanation for why this labor supply curve is upward sloping? O People prefer to spend time doing leisure activities rather than working. The opportunity cost of leisure decreases as wages decrease. O Labor production functions exhibit diminishing marginal returns. O wages have to increase to accommodate union pressure. WAGE (Dollars per hour) O O OA supply curve of work hours can be backward-bending beyond some wage rate. Examples of backward-bending labor supply curves exist in academics and professional athletics. Once university (or college) professors attain tenure, their productivity (in some cases) tends to decline. The diminished productivity appears to reflect fewer hours being devoted to research. Michael Jordan (who was making over $40 million per year in salary and endorsements) quit professional basketball in 1993 to spend more time with his family, play golf, and try out for a major league baseball team. Under what circumstances will a labor supply curve bend backwards? Show this result in a labor-leisure choice diagram. Is leisure normal, inferior, or neither when the labor supply curve bends backward as the wage rate rises? Please identify the income and substitution effects of a reduction in work hours at higher pay.Only typed solution
- The following graph shows the labor market for research assistants in the fictional country of Universalia. The equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, and the equilibrium number of research assistants is 250. Suppose the government has decided to institute a $4-per-hour payroll tax on research assistants and is trying to determine whether the tax should be levied on the employer, the workers, or both (such that half the tax is collected from each side). Use the graph input tool to evaluate these three proposals. Entering a number into the Tax Levied on Employers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the demand curve down by the amount you enter, and entering a number into the Tax Levied on Workers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the supply curve up by the amount you enter. To determine the before-tax wage for each tax proposal, adjust the amount in the Wage field until the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded. You will not be…What happens to the supply curve for labor (shifts to the right/left or stays the same) in the following situations: a) On factory workers: Factory workers’ union negotiated a lower standard work rule, where their minimum number of shirts produced be 60 shirts per day instead 100 shirts per day. b) On airline pilots: After the deregulation of the airlines, nonunion airlines increased their market share by 30 percent. c) On medical doctors:The state of Maharlika began to allow nurses to assume more of physicians’ responsibilities. d) On Wakandan Uranium miners: China agreed to limit its exports of Uranium to WakandaThe following graph shows the labor market in the fast-food industry in the fictional town of Supersize City. Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be graded on any changes you make to this graph. Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field will change accordingly. WAGE (Dollars per hour) 20 18 16 14 2 0 0 Supply Demand 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 LABOR (Thousands of workers) Graph Input Tool Market for Labor in the Fast Food Industry Wage (Dollars per hour) Labor Demanded (Thousands of workers) 6 500 Labor Supplied (Thousands of workers) 0
- What did Lewis mean when he wrote that there was a surplus of labor in agriculture? How does one measure that surplus? To what standard is labor in surplus, that is, in surplus relative to what?Choices for the three parts are: not change, increase, or decrease. Will the supply/demand curve shift left or right?, show on graph.Which of the following is not correct? In a labor market, the wage adjusts to balance the supply and demand for labor. A profit-maximizing firm hires workers so long as the wage rate exceeds the value of the marginal product of labor. Any event that changes the supply or demand for labor must change the equilibrium wage. Any event that changes the supply or demand for labor must change the value of the marginal product.
- Q8 In the Canadian labour market, demand for labour can be impacted by elasticity of the product in which labour is an input. Suppose that the labour cost to total cost ratio in industry A (cannabis sector) is 14 percent, while in industry B (fertilizer sector) it is 68 percent. Other things equal, labour demand will be Multiple Choice more elastic in industry B than in A. constant in both industries A and B. relatively elastic in both industries A and B. relatively inelastic in both industries A and B. more elastic in industry A than in B.The following graph shows the labor market for research assistants in the fictional country of Academia. The equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, and the equilibrium number of research assistants is 250. Suppose the government has decided to institute a $4-per-hour payroll tax on research assistants and is trying to determine whether the tax should be levied on the employer, the workers, or both (such that half the tax is collected from each side). Use the graph input tool to evaluate these three proposals. Entering a number into the Tax Levied on Employers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the demand curve down by the amount you enter, and entering a number into the Tax Levied on Workers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the supply curve up by the amount you enter. To determine the before-tax wage for each tax proposal, adjust the amount in the Wage field until the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded. You will not be…The graph below depicts equilibrium in the labor market for yoga instructors. Yoga has become increasingly popular as an alternative, or even a complement, to other forms of exercise, such as working out in a gym or running. Suppose that medical research shows that practicing yoga three times a week greatly increases the cardiovascular health of senior citizens. This increases the demand for yoga classes and studios, which in turn leads to an increase in price for yoga. How will this impact the labor market for yoga instructors? Illustrate on the graph below by shifting a curve or curves.