Subst ), we nave > Zn-h 1 kn+1 h=1 = ) kin-1 Vn | 2 EWn-p 1 = Vn-1. kn p=1 Vn+1 Wn - H Hence, we see that 1 1 k1 Z-1 + 2-2 Wo - H 20 - € ko w-1+ w_2 ko Vo = ond ||

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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Then, we assume that
Wn+1 - l
Wn - l
kn+1
kn =
1
E Wn-p
Wn-p
p=0
p=1
(6)
Zn+1 - €
Zn - €
Vn+1 =
Vn =
2
2 zn-h
> Zn-h
h=0
h=1
Substituting (6) in (5), we have
2
E Zn-h
1
kn-1)
h=1
kn+1
Zn - €
Vn
(7)
> Wn-p
1
= Vn-1.
km
Vn+1 =
Wn - H
Hence, we see that
1
v1 =
ko
Wo – l
20 - €
ko =
ki =
Vo
Vo =
W-1+ w_2
Z–1 + z_2
and
at n = 1, k2 = ko and
V2 = Vo,
at n = 2, k3 = k1 and
V3 = Vị,
at n = 3,
k4 = ko and
V4 = Vo,
at n = 4, kz = k, and
V5 = V1,
(8)
at n = 2 n, k2n
= ko and
V2n = Vo,
at n = 2 n + 1, k2n+1 = k, and
V2n+1 = V .
Now, from the relations in (6) we get
Wn =
H + kn (Wn-1 + Wn-2)
and zn = € + Vn (žn–1 + Zn-2).
(9)
Using (8) in (9), we have
W2n = µ+ ko (w2n-1 + W2n–2),
W2n+1 = µ + k1 (w2n + W2n-1),
(10)
Z2n = € + Vo (Z2n-1+ 2n-2),
22n+1 = € +V1 (22n + %2n–-1).
||
||
||
Transcribed Image Text:Then, we assume that Wn+1 - l Wn - l kn+1 kn = 1 E Wn-p Wn-p p=0 p=1 (6) Zn+1 - € Zn - € Vn+1 = Vn = 2 2 zn-h > Zn-h h=0 h=1 Substituting (6) in (5), we have 2 E Zn-h 1 kn-1) h=1 kn+1 Zn - € Vn (7) > Wn-p 1 = Vn-1. km Vn+1 = Wn - H Hence, we see that 1 v1 = ko Wo – l 20 - € ko = ki = Vo Vo = W-1+ w_2 Z–1 + z_2 and at n = 1, k2 = ko and V2 = Vo, at n = 2, k3 = k1 and V3 = Vị, at n = 3, k4 = ko and V4 = Vo, at n = 4, kz = k, and V5 = V1, (8) at n = 2 n, k2n = ko and V2n = Vo, at n = 2 n + 1, k2n+1 = k, and V2n+1 = V . Now, from the relations in (6) we get Wn = H + kn (Wn-1 + Wn-2) and zn = € + Vn (žn–1 + Zn-2). (9) Using (8) in (9), we have W2n = µ+ ko (w2n-1 + W2n–2), W2n+1 = µ + k1 (w2n + W2n-1), (10) Z2n = € + Vo (Z2n-1+ 2n-2), 22n+1 = € +V1 (22n + %2n–-1). || || ||
In this paper, we solve and study the properties of the following system
E Wn-p
> Zn-h
Zn-h
Wn-P
p=0
h=1
p=1
h=0
Wn+1
+µ and zn+1
+ €,
(4)
Zn - €
Wn - H
where u and e are arbitrary positive real numbers with initial conditions w; and z; for i =
-2, –1,0.
Theorem 2.1. Let {wn, zn}-
be a solution of (4), then
n=-2
o+ V02 – 4 ko k1
$ - V62 – 4 ko k1
k1 + ko
w2n-2
+ B
+
2
2
ko – k1
n
$ + Vø2 – 4 ko k1
$+ Vø2 – 4 ko k1
0 - V02 – 4 ko k1
0 - Vo2 – 4 ko k1
1
A
ko
1
+ B
ko
w2n-1
- 1
- 1
2
2
+ (-) (는)-)
(1– ko + k1
1– k1 – ko
1
- 1
ko
+ V2 – 4 vo vi
1 – vị + vo
+
- V62
4 vo v1
22n-2
+ D
E,
2
2
- vo - v1
1
+ V2 – 4 vọ v1
b + V2 – 4 vo v1
e;2 – 4 vo v1
al2 - 4 vo vị
22n-1
C
+ D
- 1
2
2
2
+(G-) )-) .
1- vi + vo
1- vo - v1
E,
where A, B, C and D are constants defined as
wo - u
z-1 + z-2
ko
ki =
O = ko + k1 + ko k1,
w-1+ w-2
20 - E
20 - €
w-1 + w-2
v1 =
= vo + vi + vo v1,
2-1+ z-2
1 – Om
Vo2 – 4 ko k1
2 62 – 8 ko ki
1– k1 + ko
1 –
1 – kị + ko`
1 — ко — k1
A =
- 4 ko k1 – o) + 2 ( wo –
w-2 -
V62 – 4 ko ki
2 ф2 — 8 kо k1
1 – ko + k1
- ko – k1
(1 – kị + ko) µ)|,
1 – k1 – ko
B
u - w-2
62 – 4 ko k1 + ¢) +2 ( wo –
=
4 vo v1
2 2 – 8 vo v1
1- vi + vo
1- vị + vo
2-2 -
1- vo - vi
1- vo - vi
V2 – 4 vo vi
1 – vị + vo
1- v1 + vo
E - z-2
2 – 4 vo v1
+
+2
20 -
2 2 – 8 vo vi
- vO - v1
1- vo - v1
since ko + ki 1 and vo +v1 71 for n € N.
Proof. To obtain the expressions of the general solutions for (4), we rewrite it in the follow
form
Zn-h
Wn-p
Wn+1 - H
h=1
Zn+1 - €
and
(5)
1
1
Zn - €
Wn - u
E Wn-p
> Zn-h
p=0
h=0
4
||
||
Transcribed Image Text:In this paper, we solve and study the properties of the following system E Wn-p > Zn-h Zn-h Wn-P p=0 h=1 p=1 h=0 Wn+1 +µ and zn+1 + €, (4) Zn - € Wn - H where u and e are arbitrary positive real numbers with initial conditions w; and z; for i = -2, –1,0. Theorem 2.1. Let {wn, zn}- be a solution of (4), then n=-2 o+ V02 – 4 ko k1 $ - V62 – 4 ko k1 k1 + ko w2n-2 + B + 2 2 ko – k1 n $ + Vø2 – 4 ko k1 $+ Vø2 – 4 ko k1 0 - V02 – 4 ko k1 0 - Vo2 – 4 ko k1 1 A ko 1 + B ko w2n-1 - 1 - 1 2 2 + (-) (는)-) (1– ko + k1 1– k1 – ko 1 - 1 ko + V2 – 4 vo vi 1 – vị + vo + - V62 4 vo v1 22n-2 + D E, 2 2 - vo - v1 1 + V2 – 4 vọ v1 b + V2 – 4 vo v1 e;2 – 4 vo v1 al2 - 4 vo vị 22n-1 C + D - 1 2 2 2 +(G-) )-) . 1- vi + vo 1- vo - v1 E, where A, B, C and D are constants defined as wo - u z-1 + z-2 ko ki = O = ko + k1 + ko k1, w-1+ w-2 20 - E 20 - € w-1 + w-2 v1 = = vo + vi + vo v1, 2-1+ z-2 1 – Om Vo2 – 4 ko k1 2 62 – 8 ko ki 1– k1 + ko 1 – 1 – kị + ko` 1 — ко — k1 A = - 4 ko k1 – o) + 2 ( wo – w-2 - V62 – 4 ko ki 2 ф2 — 8 kо k1 1 – ko + k1 - ko – k1 (1 – kị + ko) µ)|, 1 – k1 – ko B u - w-2 62 – 4 ko k1 + ¢) +2 ( wo – = 4 vo v1 2 2 – 8 vo v1 1- vi + vo 1- vị + vo 2-2 - 1- vo - vi 1- vo - vi V2 – 4 vo vi 1 – vị + vo 1- v1 + vo E - z-2 2 – 4 vo v1 + +2 20 - 2 2 – 8 vo vi - vO - v1 1- vo - v1 since ko + ki 1 and vo +v1 71 for n € N. Proof. To obtain the expressions of the general solutions for (4), we rewrite it in the follow form Zn-h Wn-p Wn+1 - H h=1 Zn+1 - € and (5) 1 1 Zn - € Wn - u E Wn-p > Zn-h p=0 h=0 4 || ||
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