(7) k +1\-(k+1) Ck. Ck+1 = e (7.93) Note that for k → 0, this equation becomes Ck+1 ~ Ck, (7.94) which implies that Ch ~ constant. Hence, in order to determine the dominant behavior of c, higher-order terms must be included in the k dependent factor on the right side of equation (7.93). To proceed, define A(k) as follows: -(k+1) Aa) - (1+) = e (7.95) Therefore, for k o, we have log A = log(e) – (k +1) log ( 1+ %3D k 1 1 1 – (k +1) ( (7.96) = 1 - k 2k2 3k3 4k4 1 1 1 2k 6k2 12k3 and 1 1 1 A(k) = exp 2k 6k2 12k3 (7.97) 1 1 2k 6k2 12k3 If only terms to order k-3 are retained, then 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A(k) = 1+ +.. 2k 6k2 12k3 4k2 6k3 8k3 1 3 +.. 1- + 2k 24k2 16k3 (7.98) Hence, Cr obeys the difference equation (1 1 7 3 +... (7.99) Ck+1 = Ck. 2k 24k2 16k3
(7) k +1\-(k+1) Ck. Ck+1 = e (7.93) Note that for k → 0, this equation becomes Ck+1 ~ Ck, (7.94) which implies that Ch ~ constant. Hence, in order to determine the dominant behavior of c, higher-order terms must be included in the k dependent factor on the right side of equation (7.93). To proceed, define A(k) as follows: -(k+1) Aa) - (1+) = e (7.95) Therefore, for k o, we have log A = log(e) – (k +1) log ( 1+ %3D k 1 1 1 – (k +1) ( (7.96) = 1 - k 2k2 3k3 4k4 1 1 1 2k 6k2 12k3 and 1 1 1 A(k) = exp 2k 6k2 12k3 (7.97) 1 1 2k 6k2 12k3 If only terms to order k-3 are retained, then 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A(k) = 1+ +.. 2k 6k2 12k3 4k2 6k3 8k3 1 3 +.. 1- + 2k 24k2 16k3 (7.98) Hence, Cr obeys the difference equation (1 1 7 3 +... (7.99) Ck+1 = Ck. 2k 24k2 16k3
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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