State Boyle’s Law and relate this law to the specific sequence of events (muscle contractions/relaxations and pressure/volume changes) causing inspiration and expiration.

Q: Discuss the relationship between airway resistance and airflow.  What increases resistance?  What…

A: Airway resistance is a measure of how much the airways in the lungs resist the flow of air. It is an…

Q: Explain pulmonary elastic recoil in terms of surface tension and elastic fibres

A: Bounce back of the lungs after having been stretched by inhalation is called Elastic recoil. This…

Q: Explain how the lungs maintain negative pressure and how this allows respiration.

A: The process of gas exchange occurs between an organism and its environment is known as respiration.…

Q: Describe the changes in the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures that occur during inspiration,…

A: The respiratory system is a biological system responsible for gas exchange in our body. It consists…

Q: Compare and contrast the influences of arterial pH, arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon…

A: The number of breaths taken by an individual per minute describes the respiratory rate. Respiratory…

Q: Describe the neural factors involved in increasingventilation during exercise

A: Ventilation is commonly called breathing and refers to the inhalation and exhalation of oxygen and…

Q: Explain what happens to CO2 levels during hyperventilation and the relationship to pH

A: The respiratory system is responsible for release of carbon dioxide from the body that is generated…

Q: Evaluate the respiratory center and write a short detailed summary of the sections involved with…

A: The process of exchange of oxygen from the atmosphere with the carbon dioxide produced by the cells…

Q: Describe the function and role of the respiratoryand cardiovascular systems in oxygenation.

A: The respiratory system can be defined as system responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and…

Q: Explain how the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration occur.

A: Inspiration is active process  Expiration is passive process

Q: Explain the Effects on respiration of increasing arterial PCO2 achieved by adding CO2 to inspired…

A: Respiration is a physiological process that involves the exchange of internal carbon dioxide with…

Q: Write the equation relating airflow into or out of the lungs toalveolar pressure, atmospheric…

A: Introduction: Ventilation is the process of gaseous exchange between the lung alveoli and the…

Q: Callisto has managed to escape Xena, and therefore Xena decides to rest for the night in a small…

A: Introduction  Breathing is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs in order to…

Q: (B) Fill in the blanks (7 marks). Normal value (with unit) in a healthy individual Resting Stroke…

A: Resting stroke volume: 1000 mL to 1700mL Resting cardiac output:  5-6 L/min. Resting arterial…

Q: Illustrate how the effort-dependent and effort-independent portions of a forced expiratory maneuver…

A: The volume helps measure the air exhaled by a person when forced breathing is called Forced…

Q: Describe why exercise caused the observed change in breathing rate.

A: Breathing rate can be defined as a person's number of breaths taken in 1 minute. The normal…

Q: Describe the sequence of events that cause air to move into the lungs during inspiration and out of…

A: Inspiration and expiration are the two phases of the respiration that involves the exchange of gases…

Q: Relate Boyle’s law to events of inspiration and expiration.

A: Introduction: Boyle's law describes that for a constant amount of an ideal gas kept at a constant…

Q: Explain how partial gas pressures are calculated, and their significance in measurements of arterial…

A: The respiratory system is one of the essential organ systems in the human body that helps in…

Q: What is a volume vs capacity vs flow in respiratory physiology

A: Respiration It refers to the movement of oxygen from the external environment to the tissues, and…

Q: Diagram and explain the mechanism of inspiration and the mechanism of expiration

A: Respiration is the process of removal of carbon dioxide from the lungs and taking oxygen from the…

Q: heart rate and expiration decreases heart rate.

A: Inspiration or inhalation refers to bringing fresh air into the lungs from the external environment.…

Q: Differentiate the Pulmonary volumes and pulmonary capacities in animal physiology.

A: The total volume of air that lungs can hold differs from species to species. There are also…

Q: Correlate Boyle's law, lung volume, intrathoracic pressure, intrapulmonic pressure, and chest…

A: Respiratory system is a type of body system which comprises of organs that are involved in…

Q: Explain why breathing in a brown bag paper helps with hyperventilation. Explain using Le Chatelier's…

A: Le Chatelier's Principle explains why breathing into a brown paper bag can help manage…

Q: Should the respiratory rate decrease after hyperventilating? Explain your answer with regards to the…

A: The number of breaths taken per minute is called a person's respiratory rate. At rest, an adult's…

Q: Compare and contrast the processes of inspiration and expiration, with regard to       the forces…

A: Inspiration involves active contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, expanding the…