Specify the hybridization at the atoms labelled a-d. For each atom enter one of the following: sp3, dsp2, sp2, sp3d, or sp. Hybridizations are normally written with superscripted numbers, but OWL expects non-superscripted answers to this question. H-C
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
- **Carbon atom a** is part of a hexagonal ring structure of carbon atoms.
- **Carbon atom b** is adjacent to atom **a** and part of the same hexagonal ring.
- **Carbon atom c** is opposite to atom **a** in the hexagonal ring.
- **Carbon atom d** is adjacent to atom **c** and part of the hexagonal ring.
Each carbon atom is bonded in a way that can determine its hybridization state.
#### Answer Choices
Select the appropriate hybridization for each labeled atom from the dropdown menus provided.
1. a) **sp3**, **dsp2**, **sp2**, **sp3d**, **sp**
2. b) **sp3**, **dsp2**, **sp2**, **sp3d**, **sp**
3. c) **sp3**, **dsp2**, **sp2**, **sp3d**, **sp**
4. d) **sp3**, **dsp2**, **sp2**, **sp3d**, **sp**
Use the structural diagram and your knowledge of hybridization to make the correct selections.
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