Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase,which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillinmolecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, whichis harmless to bacteria. This is an example ofwhich of the following mechanisms of antibioticresistance?Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic bythe microbePreventing penetration to the target sitewithin the microbeAlteration of the drug's target site(s) withinthe microbeNone of the other four answers are correctRapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out ofthe microbial cell When a patient exhibits a four-fold or greater risein antibody titer against a specific microbial antigenbetween acute-phase and convalescent-phaseserum samples, this is considered to be a"seroconversion".Which of the following would bea correct interpretation of a seroconversion?None of the other four answers are a correctinterpretation of a seroconversionThese findings cannot be interpretedbecause antibodies aren't specific enoughfor antigensThere is no evidence of current activeinfection because that would require that theantibody titer is decreasing rather thanincreasingThese results show that the microbe itselfhas been detected in the patient's sample(s)The results show evidence of current orrecent infection by the specific microbebecause there has been an activeimmunologic response to its antigen

Antimicrobial resistance occurs when germs such as bacteria or fungi cease to respond to drugs…

Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug's target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cell

Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug's target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cell

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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If you had another drug, Drug B, that the microbe was also susceptible too that was in every way comparable to Drug A except that the therapeutic index was 6, which drug would you choose to use for your patient and why? Paragraph BIU ...
Which of the following statements regarding microbial death is FALSE? Question options: cell walls are targeted by all microbial control agents all of these statements are TRUE many antimicrobial agents function through the disruption of protein structure under a given set of conditions, the fraction of a microbial population tht dies per minute is typically constant over time the effectiveness of an antibacterial agent is a function of its microbial death rate the rate at which microbes are killed is termed the microbial death rate
True or false panresistant organisms are only susceptible to the strongest of antibiotics
Explain the difference in Microbial Inhibitory Concentration and Microbial Bactericidal Concentration. (When explaining differences you have to talk about both things being compared. Just explain how they are different. Definitions will not be accepted.)
If an antimicrobial drug does not exhibit selective toxicity, what might be a problem experienced by the patient? The host cells will be damaged. The pathogen will be the only microbe killed. The normal microbiota will grow too much. The host will recover without experiencing any drug side effects.
All of the following are examples of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance EXCEPT Tetracycline resistance by efflux pumps to pump antibiotic out of the cell Secretion of urease enzyme to produce ammonia (NH3) destroying mucous producing cells Enzymatic destruction of penicillin family antibiotics by beta-lactamases Alteration of tetrapeptide chains by Vancoycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Enzymatic modificaton of aminoglycosides to prevent antibiotic binding to the target molecule
Some antibiotics show no zone of inhibition against the microbe. How is this possible? Explain how the microbe is able to combat against the antibiotic with proper reasoning.
Which of the following is NOT true about Koch's postulates? First developed by Robert Koch, the pioneering German microbiologist In the first step, the microbe that causes a naturally occurring disease is cultured from a "wild" (non-laboratory) animal which has that disease None of the other four answers (All are true about Koch's Postulates) They represent a process for showing a causal association between a specific microbe and a disease If the same microbe from a diseased "wild" (non-laboratory) host causes the same disease in a lab animal and it can be cultured from that lab animal, this proves that the microbe is the cause of the naturally occurring disease
Spectrum of activity describes how many species of microbes a drug works against. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are effective against many different groups of bacteria, while narrow-spectrum antibiotics work well against a particular group or species, but have little effect on the rest. Based on our class results, which of the following are narrow-spectrum? Group of answer choices Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid Ampicillin Kanamycin Ciprofloxacin Vancomycin Bacitracin Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Which of these antibiotics would do the best job as a broad spectrum antibiotic?
Why do penicillins and cephalosporins have a higher therapeutic index than most other antibiotics?
No one would dispute the facts that the use of antibiotics is extremely beneficial. Why then are there currently discussions around the idea that we as a society should be limiting our antibiotic use? What are the pros and cons of utilizing antibacterial and antimicrobial products (NOT antibiotics) on a daily basis? Do you agree or disagree that the use of antibiotics should be reduced and if so, how should it be done?