Sickle cell anemia is caused by too much consumption of disaccharides and monosaccharides a change in a single amino acid in the peptide sequence reaction of lipase to the blood cell, causing disruption in the blood flow a virus similar to coronavirus that have a protein similar to Sars-Cov2 Since cholesterol is a lipid, that would make it insoluble in blood. There is a correlation between high blood pressure and this molecule since O it clogs arteries and at high levels form plaque blood pressure becomes low from the IMF between these substances lipids are mostly hydrophilic, causing denaturation in the protein in blood the "good" and "bad" cholesterol are interchangeable and has a high pH
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- Which of the following statements about glycosylation is true? the oligosaccharide on a protein leaving the ER usually is the same as an oligosaccharide transferred to that protein from dolichol the oligosaccharide transferred from dolichol is composed only of mannose glycosylation can occurs before the protein has finished its entry into the endoplasmic reticulum O cytosolic proteins are never glycosylatedLoss of this enzyme would be lethal to the cell CH₂-CH-CH₂ OH OH Glycerol- phosphate Loss of this enzyme would severely reduce the exchange of lipids between the cytosol and lumen P CH₂-CH-CH₂ O O I =C C=O Loss of this enzyme would lead to membrane phospholipids with identical phosphate head groups Phosphatase Acyl transferase Loss of this enzyme would result in membranes deficient in phosphatidylcholine Choline head Cytosol group ER lumen Choline phosphotransferase Loss of these enzymes would prevent lipid transfer between the ER and mitochondria Flippase lipid exchange proteinsWhich of the following would pass most easily through a cell's membrane by simple diffusion? large hydrophobic molecules O large polar molecules O small charged molccules small non-polar molecules a 梦 メ bp
- . DRAW IT An artificial “cell” consisting of an aqueous solutionenclosed in a selectively permeable membrane is immersed ina beaker containing a different solution, the “environment,”as shown in the accompanying diagram. The membrane ispermeable to water and to the simple sugars glucose and fructosebut impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose.(a) Draw solid arrows to indicate the net movement of solutesinto and/or out of the cell.(b) Is the solution outside the cell isotonic, hypotonic, orhypertonic?(c) Draw a dashed arrow to show the net osmosis, if any. (d) Will the artificial cell becomemore flaccid,more turgid,or stay the same?(e) Eventually, willthe two solutionshave the same ordifferent soluteconcentrations?Both H+ and Ca2+ are ions that move through thecytosol. Why is the movement of H+ ions so much fasterthan that of Ca2+ ions? How do you suppose the speed ofthese two ions would be affected by freezing the solution?Would you expect them to move faster or slower? Explainyour answer.Which of these can never cross the lipid bilayer without the help of a transporter or a channel? O CO2 O 02 O water O Na+ O all of the above can diffuse through the lipid bilayer without transporter proteins or channels
- Liposomes have long been investigated as drug delivery mechanisms in humans and animals, but only recently have they started to be used clinically in targeted cancer therapies and now, vaccines. Liposomes are simply vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer that contain an inner aqueous compartment. Hydrophilic compounds could be carried in the buffer inside the liposome or hydrophobic drugs within the membrane itself. For instance, the Moderna and Pfizer mRNA vaccines actually use liposome technology to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA to human cells. The liposomes fuse with the plasma membrane allowing the contents of the liposome to enter the cytosol of cells. Of course, once the mRNA is in the cytosol is can be translated to protein on a ribosome. Explain why nucleic acid won’t get through the plasma membrane on its own. Discuss the energetic restrictions to movement through the membraneWhat major type of molecule contributes to the formation of the cell membrane and what biochemical properties of this molecule promotes the formation of the membrane? What effect allows this type of molecule to come together to form a bilayer and explain how the effect works? A▾ B I I e 2 2In a lipid bilayer, the of all the lipid molecules are sandwiched between all of the __________. a. hydrophilic tails; hydrophobic heads b. hydrophilic heads; hydrophilic tails c. hydrophobic tails; hydrophilic heads d. hydrophobic heads; hydrophilic tails
- A single-celled organism is shown performing an activity essential to survival. Wastes If the process shown uses active transport, what would be required in order for the waste to be released? O ATP cellulose O DNA O radiant energyThe plasma membrane has a hydrophobic interior due to the two present in each phospholipid found in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The plasma membrane allows some molecules to cross but not all. Therefore, the plasma membrane is said to be Molecules that are nonpolar and hydrophobic will cross the membrane with ease by Does this process require energy? When molecules move across the plasma membrane by passive transport, they will move down or with the_ from an area of concentration to an area of. concentration. Polar, hydrophilic molecules and charged ions will move across the plasma membrane by the process of_ This does not require energy, but it does require a A special case of diffusion is known as which is the movement of water across the plasma membrane. If a cell is placed into a solution that is hypertonic compared to the inside of the cell, the cell would If a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution compared to the inside of the cell, the cell water. would…None of the above Which of the following is amphipathic? O Phospholipids. O Integral proteins. Peripheral proteins O Phospholipids and integral proteins zyme ity is the best at: