Set-up: One trait in a newly discovered species of burrowing mammal What we know about coat color in this species 1_The offspring of a homozygote (true-breeding) black parent and a homozygote (true-breeding) white parent are all gray. 2_When the gray offspring are crossed among themselves, their offspring occur in a ratio of 1 black:2 gray:1 white. CASE 1: Upon close examination of the coats you see that each hair of a gray animal is solid gray. CASE 2: Upon close examination of the coats you see that the gray color effect is due to a combination of individually black and individually white hairs a) What would you conclude about the type of dominance (or allelic relationship) in this trait in CASE 1? Type of allelic relationship or type of dominance: b) What would you conclude about the type of dominance (or allelic relationship) in this trait in CASE 2? Type of allelic relationship or type of dominance:
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
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Dominance of an allele is its ability to mask the expression of other alleles when found in an organism. The allele whose expression is masked is called dominant and the allele which is responsible for masking is called the dominant allele.
An organism has 2 alleles of a gene. If one of the alleles is dominant the phenotype will be that of the dominant allele. Only in the case of homozygous recessive alleles (both the alleles being recessive) will the phenotype be recessive.
A true breeding organism is the one which is homozygous either dominant or recessive. When two homozygous (true breeding) organisms breed all the offspring are heterozygous.
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