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sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t = 6. The ACKS sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender at t = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7. t=1 t=2 t=3 TCP sender t=4 t=5+ t=6+ t=11 t=12 t=13 t=14 t=15 t=16 t=17 t=18 7 I data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK TCP receiver t=6 t=7 t=8 t=9 t=10 t=11 t=12 t=13 What is the sequence number of the segment sent at t=2? Explain your answer

sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t = 6. The ACKS sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender at t = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7. t=1 t=2 t=3 TCP sender t=4 t=5+ t=6+ t=11 t=12 t=13 t=14 t=15 t=16 t=17 t=18 7 I data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK TCP receiver t=6 t=7 t=8 t=9 t=10 t=11 t=12 t=13 What is the sequence number of the segment sent at t=2? Explain your answer

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN:9780133594140
Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...
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### Understanding TCP Segment Transmission When a TCP sender transmits data segments to a TCP receiver, several factors come into play regarding timing, sequence numbers, and acknowledgment of receipt. This example showcases the timeline of TCP segment transmission from sender to receiver and the acknowledgment process. #### Scenario Details: - The sender dispatches 8 TCP segments at time intervals \( t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 \). - Each segment contains 100 bytes, with the initial sequence number being 0. - The delay between sender and receiver is 5 time units, so a segment sent at \( t = 1 \) will arrive at the receiver at \( t = 6 \). - ACKs (Acknowledgment packets) from the receiver arrive back at the sender at \( t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 \) (assuming normal circumstances). - The segment sent at \( t = 4 \) is lost, as is the ACK sent at \( t = 7 \). #### Diagram Explanation: - The left vertical axis represents the sender's timeline from \( t = 1 \) to \( t = 18 \). - The right vertical axis represents the receiver’s timeline from \( t = 6 \) to \( t = 13 \). - Blue blocks labeled "data segment" demonstrate the sending of data at respective times. - Blue blocks labeled "ACK" show when acknowledgments are sent by the receiver upon receipt of data segments. - Dashed lines represent the transmission path between the sender and receiver. - A red "X" marks the loss points: the data segment loss at \( t = 4 \) and the ACK segment loss at \( t = 7 \). ### Key Points: - The first data segment sent at \( t = 1 \) arrives at the receiver at \( t = 6 \), and an acknowledgment (ACK) is sent back to the sender. - The segment acknowledged at \( t = 6 \) is the first segment (sequence number 0), but subsequent data and ACK transmissions are affected by the loss at \( t = 4 \). ### Question Analysis: #### Question: **What is the sequence number of the segment sent at \( t = 2 \)? Explain your answer.** #### Answer: The sequence number of a TCP segment can be determined by considering the initial
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding TCP Segment Transmission When a TCP sender transmits data segments to a TCP receiver, several factors come into play regarding timing, sequence numbers, and acknowledgment of receipt. This example showcases the timeline of TCP segment transmission from sender to receiver and the acknowledgment process. #### Scenario Details: - The sender dispatches 8 TCP segments at time intervals \( t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 \). - Each segment contains 100 bytes, with the initial sequence number being 0. - The delay between sender and receiver is 5 time units, so a segment sent at \( t = 1 \) will arrive at the receiver at \( t = 6 \). - ACKs (Acknowledgment packets) from the receiver arrive back at the sender at \( t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 \) (assuming normal circumstances). - The segment sent at \( t = 4 \) is lost, as is the ACK sent at \( t = 7 \). #### Diagram Explanation: - The left vertical axis represents the sender's timeline from \( t = 1 \) to \( t = 18 \). - The right vertical axis represents the receiver’s timeline from \( t = 6 \) to \( t = 13 \). - Blue blocks labeled "data segment" demonstrate the sending of data at respective times. - Blue blocks labeled "ACK" show when acknowledgments are sent by the receiver upon receipt of data segments. - Dashed lines represent the transmission path between the sender and receiver. - A red "X" marks the loss points: the data segment loss at \( t = 4 \) and the ACK segment loss at \( t = 7 \). ### Key Points: - The first data segment sent at \( t = 1 \) arrives at the receiver at \( t = 6 \), and an acknowledgment (ACK) is sent back to the sender. - The segment acknowledged at \( t = 6 \) is the first segment (sequence number 0), but subsequent data and ACK transmissions are affected by the loss at \( t = 4 \). ### Question Analysis: #### Question: **What is the sequence number of the segment sent at \( t = 2 \)? Explain your answer.** #### Answer: The sequence number of a TCP segment can be determined by considering the initial
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