**Second set:**a. - Structure: A benzene ring with a CH₂CH₂NH₂ group attached.- Reaction: With KOH and heat, the product is a benzene ring with a CH=CH₂ group.orb. - Structure: A benzene ring with a CH₂CH₂OTos group attached.- Reaction: With KOH and heat, the product is a benzene ring with a CH=CH₂ group.- **Which reaction above is faster? Explain your answer:***(Space left blank for explanation.)*- **Doubling the concentration of potassium hydroxide in these reactions:** a. causes the reaction mechanism to change b. halves the rate of reaction c. has no effect on the rate of reaction d. doubles the rate of reaction- **The mechanism for these reactions is:** a. Sₙ2 b. E2 c. Sₙ1 d. E1 **XV. Consider the pair of reactions below to answer the following questions.****First set:**a. \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br} \xrightarrow{\text{ }^{-}\text{OH, } \text{H}_2\text{O}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH } + \text{ } \text{Br}^{-} \)or b. \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br} \xrightarrow{\text{ }^{-}\text{SH, } \text{RSH}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{SH } + \text{ } \text{Br}^{-} \)- Which reaction would be predicted to be faster? **Explain your answer** ________- The mechanism for these reactions is: a. \( \text{S}_\text{N}1 \) b. \( \text{S}_\text{N}2 \) c. E1 d. E2 **Explanation of Reactions:**- Both reactions involve a nucleophilic substitution where the bromine atom (\(\text{Br}^-\)) on the propane chain is replaced. In reaction (a), hydroxide (\(^{-}\text{OH}\)) acts as the nucleophile, and in reaction (b), thiolate (\(^{-}\text{SH}\)) is the nucleophile.- **Graph/Diagram Explanation:** There are no graphs or diagrams present in this text. The reactions are presented in text form as chemical equations.**Key Points to Consider:**- The nucleophiles (\(^{-}\text{OH}\) and \(^{-}\text{SH}\)) differ in nucleophilicity and basicity.- The thiolate ion is generally a stronger nucleophile than hydroxide due to its larger size and better ability to donate a pair of electrons.- The reactions are likely to proceed via the \( \text{S}_\text{N}2 \) mechanism as it involves a primary alkyl halide, and bimolecular nucleophilic substitution is common in such cases.

Better the leaving group faster the rate of E2 reaction Stronger the nucleophile faster the SN2…

Second set: a. or b. - CH,CH,NH, a. SN2 b. E2 CH₂CH₂OTOS C. SN1 d. E1 Which reaction above is faster? Explain your answer causes the reaction mechanism to change b. halves the rate of reaction C. has no effect on the rate of reaction d. doubles the rate of reaction Doubling the concentration of potassium hydroxide in these reactions: The mechanism for these reactions is: KOH heat KOH heat CH=CH₂ CH=CH₂

Second set: a. or b. - CH,CH,NH, a. SN2 b. E2 CH₂CH₂OTOS C. SN1 d. E1 Which reaction above is faster? Explain your answer causes the reaction mechanism to change b. halves the rate of reaction C. has no effect on the rate of reaction d. doubles the rate of reaction Doubling the concentration of potassium hydroxide in these reactions: The mechanism for these reactions is: KOH heat KOH heat CH=CH₂ CH=CH₂

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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