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Consider the labor market. Suppose that the supply of labor is = 2 + H/2 and the
Now suppose that the government levies a $5 per hour payroll tax on buyers of labor (firms).
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Determine the worker (supplier) and firm (buyer) tax burdens.
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Determine the
deadweight loss associated with this payroll tax.
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Solved in 3 steps
- An income Gini coefficient of zero means that everyone earns the same income there is no deadweight loss the market is perfectly competitive there is zero poverty one person earns all the incomeHow would the burden from a payroll tax be shared if the supply of labor was perfectly inelastic? Perfectly elastic?Suppose the demand and supply curves for unskilled labor in the labor market are as shown in the following figure. Congress is about to enact a $12 per-hour minimum wage. Congressional staff economists are urging legislators to consider adopting an earned-income tax credit instead. Suppose neither workers nor employers would support that proposal unless the expected value of each party's economic surplus would be at least as great as under the minimum wage. a. In the graph below, use the point tool provided 'Wmin' to indicate the wage and employment combination that would result in a $12 per-hour minimum wage. W ($/hour) 24 20 16 12 8 4 0 Labor Market D S 4,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 20,000 24,000 L (person-hours/day) Tools -9 W. mn Ⓡ b. Calculate the amounts by which employer surplus and worker surplus change as a result of the minimum wage. Employer surplus would be (Click to select) ✔ by $ by $ per day. per day. Worker surplus would be (Click to select) c. Which of the following…
- If the tax elasticity of labor supply is 0.24, by what percentage will the quantity of labor supplied increase in response to a. a $500 per person income tax rebate?multiple choice A 4.8 percent increase A 1.2 percent increase No increase A 2.4 percent increase b. a 9 percent reduction in marginal tax rates? %The following graph shows the labor market in the fast-food industry in the fictional town of Supersize City. Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be graded on any changes you make to this graph. Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field will change accordingly. WAGE (Dollars per hour) 20 18 16 14 12 2 0 0 1 Supply Demand 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 810 900 LABOR (Thousands of workers) In this market, the equilibrium hourly wage is $ Graph Input Tool Market for Labor in the Fast Food Industry Wage (Dollars per hour) Labor Demanded (Thousands of workers) 6 900 and the equilibrium quantity of labor is Labor Supplied (Thousands of workers) ? 378 thousand workers.Consider the Labor Market in New York and New Jersey. In both markets Demand is given by w = 1000-2E. Assume New York has a perfectly inelastic supply of 400 workers and New Jersey has perfectly inelastic supply of 200 workers. a. Graph the two markets and find the equilibrium wage in each market. b. With costless mobility across markets what would the long-run wage in each market. Show this in your graphs. c. Instead, assume that there are still 400 workers in New York and 200 in New Jersey but now the cost of moving is $ 100. What will be the long-run wage in each market? Explain
- 20 1+Py-4t+2s-4f| Suppose that the demand and supply functions for good x are given as follows: Q = 120 – 2P, + I + P, and Q = -30+ P, - 21 + s – 2 f where P denotes the price of good x, P, denotes the price of a related product y, I denotes income, t denotes tax firms face, s denotes subsidy and f denotes factor prices. What is the equilibrium quantity of x as a function of exogenous variables P, I, t. s and f? I+Py-4t+2s-4ƒ = 40 + I+Py+4t+2s-4f 20 + 3 LE.www 3 - 40+ I-Py-4t+2s-4f 39. Minimum wage legislation The following graph shows the labor market in the fast-food industry in the fictional town of Supersize City. Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be graded on any changes you make to this graph. Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field will change accordingly. Graph Input Tool ?) 20 Market for Labor in the Fast Food Industry 18 I Wage (Dollars per hour) 16 Labor Supplied (Thousands of workers) Supply Labor Demanded 900 14 (Thousands of workers) 12 10 8 Demand 4. 0. 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 810 900 LABOR (Thousands of workers) WAGE (Dollars per hour)Suppose labor demand for low-skilled workers in the United States is w = 35 – 0.2Ewhere E is the number of workers (in millions) and w is the hourly wage. There are 100 million domestic U.S. low-skilled workers who supply labor inelastically. If the U.S. opened its borders to immigration, 25 million low-skill immigrants would enter the U.S. and supply labor inelastically. What is the market-clearing wage if immigration is not allowed? What is the market-clearing wage with open borders?
- The following graph shows the labor market for research assistants in the fictional country of Universalia. The equilibrium wage is $10 per hour, and the equilibrium number of research assistants is 250. Suppose the government has decided to institute a $4-per-hour payroll tax on research assistants and is trying to determine whether the tax should be levied on the employer, the workers, or both (such that half the tax is collected from each side). Use the graph input tool to evaluate these three proposals. Entering a number into the Tax Levied on Employers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the demand curve down by the amount you enter, and entering a number into the Tax Levied on Workers field (initially set at zero dollars per hour) shifts the supply curve up by the amount you enter. To determine the before-tax wage for each tax proposal, adjust the amount in the Wage field until the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded. You will not be…Graph Input Tool (? Market for Labor in the Fast Food Industry 20 I Wage (Dollars per hour) 18 6. 16 Labor Demanded (Thousands of workers) Labor Supplied (Thousands of workers) Supply 232 14 12 10 Demand 4 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 LABOR (Thousands of workers) WAGE (Dollars per hour)Minimum Wages and Unions Assume an industry without legal minimum wages and unions. Show in a diagram how the equilibrium wage W* is determined, and briefly explain all the concepts in the diagram. Now suppose a minimum wage, WMIN, is legislated at a level lower than W*, i.e. WMIN<W*. Show it in the diagram and explain whether the labour market outcomes in part a. change, and how. Now suppose a minimum wage is legislated at a level higher than W*, i.e. WMIN>W*. Show it in the diagram and explain what the labour market outcomes will be. Now suppose a workers’ union is created and successfully negotiates wage WUNION, which is above both W* and WMIN, i.e. WUNION>WMIN>W*. Explain what the labour market outcomes will be compared to the previous part.