Scientists take the gene from the human cell and insert it into a bacterial chromosome. Bacteria turn this gene into protein, but this protein doesn't work. Also, scientists have detected in too many amino acids. What is the reason for this?

Scientists take the gene from the human cell and insert it into a bacterial chromosome. Bacteria turn this gene into protein, but this protein doesn't work. Also, scientists have detected in too many amino acids. What is the reason for this?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter13: An Introduction To Genetic Technology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4QP

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A scientist is trying to get a bacterium to make human insulin. The scientist uses restriction enzymes to cut out the human gene. They use the same restriction enzyme to cut the bacterial DNA so the two sections of DNA can connect. Then they used ligase to seal the backbones together. The bacteria is allowed to grow and produce proteins. But for some reason, the insulin gene is being transcribed and translated but for some reason the protein is nonfunctional. What is the source of the problem? How can this be fixed? (this will require some research on the internet about cDNA)
A research project was conducted to study the effect of permethrin when used as insecticide, but some mosquitoes have become resistant to permethrin. The research included the following steps. A sample of mosquitoes was treated with the insecticide. The majority of the mosquito population died, but a small percentage survived. From the survivors, a line of resistant mosquitoes was bred. The DNA of the non–resistant strain was compared with DNA from the resistant strain. What is most likely the purpose of this research? Select one: a. To investigate the mosquito’s bodies b. To breed resistant mosquitoes c. To test the insecticides d. To identify the resistant gene
Which of the following best describes the process of DNA sequencing? a. DNA is separated on a gel, and the different bands are labeled with fluorescent nucleotides and scanned with a laser. b. A laser is used to fluorescently label the nucleotides present within the DNA, the DNA is run on a gel, and then the DNA is broken into fragments. c. Nucleotides are scanned with a laser and incorporated into the DNA that has been separated on a gel, and then the DNA is amplified with PCR. d. Fragments of DNA are produced in a reaction that labels them with any of four different fluorescent dyes, and the fragments then are run on a gel and scanned with a laser. e. DNA is broken down into its constituent nucleotides, and the nucleotides are then run on a gel and purified with a laser.
A gene contains the sequence CGCATACGGTAC that results in the amino acid sequence arg-ile-arg-tyr. A mutation in this gene removes the first G in the strand.What is true of this mutation's effect on the phenotype?1.It will affect the phenotype because although most of the protein will be identical, the first amino acid will be different.2.It will not affect the phenotype because the protein will be identical to the original protein.3.It will affect the phenotype because all the amino acids past this point will be different from the original protein.4.It will not affect the phenotype because only the first amino acid is different from the original protein.
Several different nucleic acids are involved in the process of getting a protein produced from a gene. DNA contains the "genetic code" for the protein. DNA is double-stranded, but only one strand is transcribed into MRNA. The MRNA then goes into the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein with the help of TRNA. At each stage of the process, there is base complementarity (A pairs with T/U and C pairs with G) between the nucleic acids involved to ensure the integrity of the DNA blueprint for the protein being produced. Therefore, some of the four strands of nucleic acids involved will match (except U replaces T in RNA) and some will have base complementarity. Indicate whether there is matching (1) or base complementarity (2) between the following nucleic acids. DNA sense strand and MRNA DNA sense strand and tRNA DNA antisense strand and MRNA MRNA and TRNA
You observe a piece of mRNA. A few minutes later you see this mRNA has now been converted into DNA. How is this possible? Explain the protein responsible to do this. Also, what other sequences can this protein convert? What can this help researchers determine?
Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. So why do we still use X-rays in medicine anyway? What precautions need to be taken?
a) Explain the difference between a genome and a transcriptome. Do all cells in an organism have the same genomes and or transcriptomes? b) Explain a method you could use to compare transcriptomes, and what you can learn from comparing transcriptomes.
Researchers can isolate a sample of cells, such as skin fibroblasts, and grow them in the laboratory. This procedure is called a cell culture. A cell culture can be exposed to a sample of DNA. If the cells are treated with agents that make their membranes permeable to DNA, the cells may take up the DNA and incorporate it into their chromosomes. This process is called transformation or transfection. Scientists have transformed human skin fibroblasts with methylated DNA and then allowed the fibroblasts to divide for several cellular generations. The DNA in the daughter cells was then isolated, and the segment that corresponded to the transformed DNA was examined. This DNA segment in the daughter cells was also found to be methylated. However, if the original skin fibroblasts were transformed with unmethylated DNA, the DNA found in the daughter cells was also unmethylated. With regard to the transformed DNA, do fibroblasts perform de novo methylation, maintenance methylation, or both?…
Fill in the following with the correct words about cloning (the first blank will be the first word and the second blank will be the second word. There are two types of cloning, the first is when scientists change the cellular function this is called cloning and can help with creating insulin and vaccines to name a few. The other type is when DNA is extracted from a somatic cell and is used to replace DNA in an egg, this is called cloning. O gene, organism O organism, gene O specific, general O micro, macro
Julia and Vinay's teacher was walking around the laboratory during the experiment asking students questions to deepen their thinking about their results. She told Julia and Vinay that one of the cell samples contains bacteria. Then she asked them, "How would you describe the process of genetic information being passed from parent to offspring in organisms like bacteria?"
Let’s say, you want to deliver a gene into a cell and in your lab, there are lot of options available to do that. Describe five different options that you can use to deliver that gene.