SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Herbivory (plant eating) has evolvedrepeatedly in insects, typically from meat-eating or detritusfeeding ancestors (detritus is dead organic matter). Moths andbutterflies, for example, eat plants, whereas their “sister group”(the insect group to which they are most closely related), thecaddisflies, feed on animals, fungi, or detritus. As illustrated in the following phylogenetic tree, the combined moth/butterflyand caddisfly group shares a common ancestor with flies andfleas. Like caddisflies, flies and fleas are thought to have evolvedfrom ancestors that did not eat plants. There are 140,000 species of moths and butterflies and 7,000species of caddisflies. State a hypothesis about the impact ofherbivory on adaptive radiations in insects. How could thishypothesis be tested?

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Evolutionary lineages

An evolutionary lineage is a series of populations of organisms that descend from a common ancestor. Each species in the lineage is the direct consequence of evolutionary change from a common ancestor. A phylogenetic tree is generally used to display lineages visually. Lineages are components of the phylogenetic tree of life. Molecular systematics procedures are widely used to predict lineages.