States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
The Hammett analyses have been done on two substrates which obtain a rho value of 3.8. from the correlation with positive sigma constants (A) while the other set of substituents (B). has a rho value of -2 using the regular sigma values: part a) identify which rho value matches the substituents using resonance as an argument.
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