### Testing the Effectiveness of Echinacea on Rhinovirus Infections**Overview:**Rhinoviruses typically cause common colds. This exercise involves a hypothesis test to determine the effectiveness of echinacea in preventing rhinovirus infections. In an experiment, 37 out of 43 subjects treated with echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebo group, 89 out of 106 subjects developed rhinovirus infections. A significance level of 0.01 is used to test the claim that echinacea affects rhinovirus infections. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.---### Part (a): Hypothesis Test**Question:**Test the claim using a hypothesis test.**Instructions:**Consider the first sample to be the sample of subjects treated with echinacea and the second sample to be the sample of subjects treated with a placebo.**Null and Alternative Hypotheses:**What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test?**Options:**- **Option A:** - \( H_0 \): \( p_1 \leq p_2 \) - \( H_1 \): \( p_1 \neq p_2 \)- **Option B:** - \( H_0 \): \( p_1 = p_2 \) - \( H_1 \): \( p_1 < p_2 \)- **Option C:** - \( H_0 \): \( p_1 = p_2 \) - \( H_1 \): \( p_1 \neq p_2 \)- **Option D:** - \( H_0 \): \( p_1 \geq p_2 \) - \( H_1 \): \( p_1 \neq p_2 \)- **Option E:** - \( H_0 \): \( p_1 = p_2 \) - \( H_1 \): \( p_1 > p_2 \)- **Option F:** - \( H_0 \): \( p_1 \neq p_2 \) - \( H_1 \): \( p_1 = p_2 \)---#### Explanation of Symbols:- \( p_1 \): Proportion of rhinovirus infections in the group treated with echinacea.- \( p_2 \): Proportion of

Solution-:Given: We want to test the claim using a hypothesis test.(a) State the null and…

Answered: Rhino viruses typically cause common…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A professor at the University of Wisconsin is interested in studying the relationship between officer’s gender and citizen complaints. The professor gathered information on 55 officers randomly sampled from the Chicago Police Department. Using the data collected below apply the five steps of the hypothesis testing process to answer the research question: is there a relationship between gender and citizen complaints. Use a two-tailed test with an alpha level of 0.05 Male Officers Female Officer n = 35 n = 20 M = 10.57 M = 8.34 SS = 901.34 SS = 794.34 Step 1. State hypotheses and alpha level. Step 2. Locate critical region. Step 3. Collect data and calculate test statistic.
Use the following information to answer the question. Researchers want to test whether the color of a vehicle ticketed for speeding has an effect on the amount of the ticket. Four vehicle colors were used for the study--red, white, black, and silver. Thirty vehicles were randomly assigned to each group. Use the output below to answer the question. Choose the correct conclusion for the hypothesis that vehicle color affects the amount of a speeding ticket. Assume all ANOVA test conditions have been satisfied. a) Reject H0. The vehicle color has no effect on the amount of the speeding ticket. b) Fail to reject H0. The vehicle color has no effect on the amount of the speeding ticket. c) Reject H0. The vehicle color has an effect on the amount of the speeding ticket. d) Fail to reject H0. The vehicle color has an effect on the amount of the speeding ticket.
Tourism is extremely important to the economy of Florida. Hotel occupancy is an often-reported measure of visitor volume and visitor activity (Orlando Sentinel, May 19, 2018). Hotel occupancy data for February in two consecutive years are as follows. Current Year Previous Year Occupied Rooms 1,435 1,501 Total Rooms 1,750 1,900 a. Formulate the hypothesis test that can be used to determine whether there has been an increase in the proportion of rooms occupied over the one-year period. Let pi = population proportion of rooms occupied for current year P2 = population proportion of rooms occupied for previous year Ho : P1 – P2 less than or equal to 0 Ha : Pi – P2 greater than 0 b. What is the estimated proportion of hotel rooms occupied each year (to 2 decimals)? Current year Previous Year c. Conduct a hypothesis test. What is the p-value (to 4 decimals)? Use Table 1 from Appendix B. p-value
Rhino viruses typically cause common colds. In a test of the effectiveness of echinacea, 40 of the 46 subjects treated with echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebo group, 87 of the 104 subjects developed rhinovirus infections. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that echinacea has an effect on rhinovirus infections. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. Test the claim using a hypothesis test. Consider the first sample to be the sample of subjects treated with echinacea and the second sample to be the sample of subjects treated with a placebo. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test? A. H0: p1≥p2 H1: p1≠p2 B. H0: p1=p2 H1: p1≠p2 C. H0: p1≠p2 H1: p1=p2 D. H0: p1=p2 H1: p1<p2 E. H0: p1=p2 H1: p1>p2 F. H0: p1≤p2 H1: p1≠ Identify the test statistic. Z = (Round to two decimal places as needed.) P-value= The P-value is (Less than/ greater than) the significance level of α=0.05,…
Rhino viruses typically cause common colds. In a test of the effectiveness of echinacea, 42 of the 48 subjects treated with echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebo group, 93 of the 109 subjects developed rhinovirus infections. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that echinacea has an effect on rhinovirus infections. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.
Tourism is extremely important to the economy of Florida. Hotel occupancy is an often-reported measure of visitor volume and visitor activity (Orlando Sentinel, May 19, 2018). Hotel occupancy data for February in two consecutive years are as follows. Current Year 1,476 1,800 Occupied Rooms Total Rooms 1,422 1,800 a. Formulate the hypothesis test that can be used to determine whether there has been an increase in the proportion of rooms occupied over the one-year period. Let P₁= population proportion of rooms occupied for current year P2 population proportion of rooms occupied for previous year - P2 less than or equal to 0 greater than 0 Ho P1 Ha P1 P2 b. What is the estimated proportion of hotel rooms occupied each year (to 2 decimals)? Current year .80 X Previous Year .77 c. Conduct a hypothesis test. What is the p-value (to 4 decimals)? Use Table 1 from Appendix B. Previous Year p-value = 0.0166 Using a 0.05 level of significance, what is your conclusion? We can conclude that there…
Rhino viruses typically cause common colds. In a test of the effectiveness of echinacea, 44 of the 51 subjects treated with echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebo group, 97 of the 110 subjects developed rhinovirus infections. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that echinacea has an effect on rhinovirus infections. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test. Consider the first sample to be the sample of subjects treated with echinacea and the second sample to be the sample of subjects treated with a placebo. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test?
Most alpine skiers and snowboarders do not use helmets. Do helmetsreduce the risk of head injuries? A study in Norway compared skiers and snowboarders who suffered head injuries with a control group who were not injured. Of 578 injured subjects, 96 had worn a helmet. Of the 2992 in the control group, 656 wore helmets. Is helmet use less common among skiers and snowboarders who have head injuries?
Q2) Paired-Samples t Test A research project has been tracking the health and cognitive functions of the elderly population in Arizona. The table below shows the memory test scores from some elderly residents, tested first when they were 65 years old and again when they were 75 years old. The researcher wants to know if there is a significant decline in memory functions from age 65 to age 75 based on this sample. In other words, it is hypothesized that the memory score at age 75 is significantly lower than the memory score at age 65. So the null and alternative hypotheses should be directional. The alpha level was set at a = .05 for a one-tailed hypothesis test. Memory score Subject 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Age 65 62 95 55 90 98 73 73 71 82 66 Age 75 65 88 56 89 90 75 70 70 80 62
A story spoiler gives away the ending early. Does having a story spoiled in this way diminish suspense and hurt enjoyment? A study1 investigated this question. For twelve different short stories, the study’s authors created a second version in which a spoiler paragraph at the beginning discussed the story and revealed the outcome. Each version of the twelve stories was read by at least 30 people and rated on a 1 to 10 scale to create an overall rating for the story, with higher ratings indicating greater enjoyment of the story. The ratings are given in Table 1 and stored in StorySpoilers. Stories 1 to 4 were ironic twist stories, stories 5 to 8 were mysteries, and stories 9 to 12 were literary stories. Here we measure the size of the effect on mean rating. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean enjoyment rating between stories with a spoiler and stories without.Click here for the dataset associated with this question.Round your answers to three decimal places.The 95%…
Tourism is extremely important to the economy of Florida. Hotel occupancy is an often-reported measure of visitor volume and visitor activity (Orlando Sentinel, May 19, 2018). Hotel occupancy data for February in two consecutive years are as follows. Current Year Previous Year Occupied Rooms 1,360 1,386 Total Rooms 1,700 1,800 a. Formulate the hypothesis test that can be used to determine whether there has been an increase in the proportion of rooms occupied over the one-year period. Let pi = population proportion of rooms occupied for current year Pa= population proportion of rooms occupied for previous year Ho : Pi - Pa H.: Pi - P2 Select your answer Select your answer b. What is the estimated proportion of hotel rooms occupied each year (to 2 decimals)? Current year Previous Year c. Conduct a hypothesis test. What is the p-value (to 4 decimals)? Use Table 1 from Appendix B. p-value - Using a 0.05 level of significance, what is your conclusion? We Select your answer- vthat there has…
The National Highway traffic Safety Administration requires each U.S. state to carry out an observational study to assess the level of seat belt use in the state. One report summarized data from a study done in a certain state. The proportions in the accompanying table are based on observations of over 25,000 drivers and passengers. Male Female Uses Seatbelt Does Not Use Seat Belt 0.42 0.455 0.08 0.045 Assume that these proportions are representative of adults in this state and that an adult from this state is selected at random. (a) What is the probability that the selected adult does not use a seat belt given that the selected individual is female? (b) What is the probability that the selected individual is female given that the selected individual does not use a seat belt? (c) Are the probabilities from parts (a) and (b) equal? Write a couple of sentences explaining why or why not. They --Select--- ✓ equal. Part (a) is the proportion of [---Select--- ---Select--- and part (b) is the…

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