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REVIEW & ASSESS 1. READING CHECK What archaeological evidence demonstrates that Çatalhöyük was an advanced culture?

REVIEW & ASSESS 1. READING CHECK What archaeological evidence demonstrates that Çatalhöyük was an advanced culture?

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V in Farmers grew barley and wheat. They ?123 also raised livestock such as sheep. goats, and cattle for meat, milk, and clothing. Çatalhöyük's villagers huntod and fished, too, but farming produced more food. The surplus, or extra. food could be used in trading. IMAGINING ÇATA 1.2 Southwest Asia: Çatalhöyük was unknown archaeologists have caref of a unique settlement an Çatalhöyük Çatalhöyük might have be Çatalhöyük is one of the world's olders known permanent settlements. It is also one of the largest and most advanced settlements yet discovered from this tie period. Its physical structure covered mo than 30 acres (or 27 football fields) and included thousands of permanent mud h buildings. Houses were packed togethers tightly that there were no streets or yarde between them. Instead, the flat rooftons served as a public plaza, or an open squar: reached by ladders. Because the houses were built so close together, they formed: protective wall that enclosed the settleme EARLY CULTURE Imagine you are a traveler crossing central Turkey 9,000 years ago. Suddenly, you stumble on an amazing sight: hundreds of houses surrounded by fields of ripening wheat and barley, enclosures of cattle, and thousands of people-more people than you ever imagined existed. What is this strange place? It's Çatalhöyük. People entered their homes through doors in the roofs. Most homes had a single main room where families cooked, ate, and slept. The main room had builtin benches and a fireplace. Plastered walls were covered with murals showing scenes of hunting, daily life, and important events MAIN IDEA Çatalhöyük was an advanced settlement and an early cultural hearth in Southwest Asia. AN AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE By modern standards, the Neolithic village of Çatalhöyük (chah-tuhl-HOO-yuk) was small and simple. To Neolithic people, though, it was incredibly advanced. Çatalhöyük developed in present-day Turkey beginning around 7400 B.C. This settlement was large, both in size and population. Çatalhöyük still fascinates people thousands of years later because of the rich cultural material left behind by those who lived there. At Çatalhöyük, archaeologists found evidence of religious practices and artistc expression. Horned bulls' heads mounted walls and symbolic clay figures suggest t the villagers worshipped gods. Villagers a buried their dead, a fact revealed by hum remains discovered beneath the floors of homes. The presence of pottery, cloth, cu and bone utensils as well as tools and jewe shows artistic expression. Archaeologise even found lead and copper, a sign of ven early metallurgy, or metalworking. This was an important technological advance. 1. READING CHECK Wha The people who built Çatalhöyük relied on farming for food. A stable food supply contributed to population growth and Çatalhöyük's agriculture eventually supported as many as 10,000 people. REVIEW & ASSESS Discoveries at Çatalhöyük continue even today. Each new find sheds more people who lived in this ancient settlene archaeological evidene demonstrates that Çam was an advanced cultu light on 38 CHAPTER 2 622 Trace the development of a culturn
Transcribed Image Text:V in Farmers grew barley and wheat. They ?123 also raised livestock such as sheep. goats, and cattle for meat, milk, and clothing. Çatalhöyük's villagers huntod and fished, too, but farming produced more food. The surplus, or extra. food could be used in trading. IMAGINING ÇATA 1.2 Southwest Asia: Çatalhöyük was unknown archaeologists have caref of a unique settlement an Çatalhöyük Çatalhöyük might have be Çatalhöyük is one of the world's olders known permanent settlements. It is also one of the largest and most advanced settlements yet discovered from this tie period. Its physical structure covered mo than 30 acres (or 27 football fields) and included thousands of permanent mud h buildings. Houses were packed togethers tightly that there were no streets or yarde between them. Instead, the flat rooftons served as a public plaza, or an open squar: reached by ladders. Because the houses were built so close together, they formed: protective wall that enclosed the settleme EARLY CULTURE Imagine you are a traveler crossing central Turkey 9,000 years ago. Suddenly, you stumble on an amazing sight: hundreds of houses surrounded by fields of ripening wheat and barley, enclosures of cattle, and thousands of people-more people than you ever imagined existed. What is this strange place? It's Çatalhöyük. People entered their homes through doors in the roofs. Most homes had a single main room where families cooked, ate, and slept. The main room had builtin benches and a fireplace. Plastered walls were covered with murals showing scenes of hunting, daily life, and important events MAIN IDEA Çatalhöyük was an advanced settlement and an early cultural hearth in Southwest Asia. AN AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE By modern standards, the Neolithic village of Çatalhöyük (chah-tuhl-HOO-yuk) was small and simple. To Neolithic people, though, it was incredibly advanced. Çatalhöyük developed in present-day Turkey beginning around 7400 B.C. This settlement was large, both in size and population. Çatalhöyük still fascinates people thousands of years later because of the rich cultural material left behind by those who lived there. At Çatalhöyük, archaeologists found evidence of religious practices and artistc expression. Horned bulls' heads mounted walls and symbolic clay figures suggest t the villagers worshipped gods. Villagers a buried their dead, a fact revealed by hum remains discovered beneath the floors of homes. The presence of pottery, cloth, cu and bone utensils as well as tools and jewe shows artistic expression. Archaeologise even found lead and copper, a sign of ven early metallurgy, or metalworking. This was an important technological advance. 1. READING CHECK Wha The people who built Çatalhöyük relied on farming for food. A stable food supply contributed to population growth and Çatalhöyük's agriculture eventually supported as many as 10,000 people. REVIEW & ASSESS Discoveries at Çatalhöyük continue even today. Each new find sheds more people who lived in this ancient settlene archaeological evidene demonstrates that Çam was an advanced cultu light on 38 CHAPTER 2 622 Trace the development of a culturn
Çatalhöyük was unknown to modern people until its discovery in the 1950s. Since then, archaeologists have carefully excavated the site. Their discoveries have revealed details of a unique settlement and culture. This illustration shows what archaeologists think Çatalhöyük might have been like. The cutaways let you peek inside the homes. IMAGINING ÇATALHÖYÜK me hore brick r so ds are, da nent. www S. on at 5, ry REVIEW & ASSESS 3. ANALYZE VISUALS Based on the illustration, what might have been some advantages to living at Çatalhöyük? 2. IDENTIFY MAIN IDEAS AND 1. READING CHECK What archaeological evidence demonstrates that Çatalhöyük was an advanced culture? DETAILS Why did the people of Çatalhöyük build their dwellings so close together? 6.22 Trace the development of agricultural techniques that permitted the production of economic surplus and the emergence of cities as centers of culture and power. 39
Transcribed Image Text:Çatalhöyük was unknown to modern people until its discovery in the 1950s. Since then, archaeologists have carefully excavated the site. Their discoveries have revealed details of a unique settlement and culture. This illustration shows what archaeologists think Çatalhöyük might have been like. The cutaways let you peek inside the homes. IMAGINING ÇATALHÖYÜK me hore brick r so ds are, da nent. www S. on at 5, ry REVIEW & ASSESS 3. ANALYZE VISUALS Based on the illustration, what might have been some advantages to living at Çatalhöyük? 2. IDENTIFY MAIN IDEAS AND 1. READING CHECK What archaeological evidence demonstrates that Çatalhöyük was an advanced culture? DETAILS Why did the people of Çatalhöyük build their dwellings so close together? 6.22 Trace the development of agricultural techniques that permitted the production of economic surplus and the emergence of cities as centers of culture and power. 39
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