Research results suggest a relationship between the TV viewing habits of 5-year-old children and their future performance in high school. For example, Anderson, Huston, Wright, and Collins (1998) repor that high school students who regularly watched Sesame Street as children had better grades in high wotch Sesame
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- Students at multiple grade schools were asked what their personal goal (get good grades, be popular, be good at sports) was and how important being good at sports were to them ("One" means very important to "Four" which means least important). The data is in table #11.1.10 ("Popular kids datafile," 2013). Do the data provide enough evidence to show that goal attainment and importance of sports are independent? Test at the 5% level. One Two Three Four Grades 83 81 55 28 Popular 32 49 43 17 Sports 50 24 14 2 State the null and alternative hypotheses and the level of significance. Find the test statistic and p-value. Label each. . Conclusion and InterpretationSome researchers have noted that adolescents who spend a lot of time playing video or computer games are at greater risk for depression and violence. This is an example of: a. an observational study with lurking variables that may explain the association. b. a paired data experiment, because we are studying both aggression and game playing. c. a single-blind experiment, because the subjects knew they were playing games. d. a valid conclusion, because more time yields more aggression is a positive association.Exercise is known to produce positive psychological effects. Interestingly, not all exercise is equally effective. It turns out that exercising in a natural environment (e.g., jogging in the woods) produces better psychological outcomes than exercising in urban environments or in homes (Mackay & Neill, 2010). Suppose that a sports psychologist is interested in testing whether there is a difference between exercise in nature and exercise in the lab with respect to post-exercise anxiety levels. The researcher recruits n 5 7 participants who exercise in the lab and exercise on a nature trail. The data below represent the anxiety scores that were measured after each exercise session. Treat the data as if the scores are from an independent-measures study using two separate samples, each with n 5 7 participants. Compute the pooled variance, the estimated standard error for the mean difference, and the independent-measures t statistic. Using a 5 .05, is there a significant difference…
- The spotlight effect refers to overestimating the extent to which others notice your appearance or behavior, especially when you commit a social faux pas. Effectively, you feel as if you are suddenly standing in a spotlight with everyone looking. In one demonstration of this phenomenon, Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) asked college students to put on a Barry Manilow T-shirt that fellow students had previously judged to be embarrassing. The participants were then led into a room in which other students were already participating in an experiment. After a few minutes, the participant was led back out of the room and was allowed to remove the shirt. Later, each participant was asked to estimate how many people in the room had noticed the shirt. The individuals who were in the room were also asked whether they noticed the shirt. In a similar study with N = 36 participants, the individuals who wore the shirt produced an average estimate of X = 1.8 with SS = 425. (a) Compute a 95%…The authors of a paper on perceptions of video games carried out an experiment to determine if restrictive labels on video games actually increased the attractiveness of the game for young game players. Participants read a description of a new video game and were asked how much they wanted to play the game. The description also included an age rating. Some participants read the description with an age-restrictive label of 7+, indicating that the game was not appropriate for children under the age of 7. Others read the same description, but with an age-restrictive label of 12+, 16+, or 18+. The following data for 12- to 13-year-old boys are consistent with summary statistics given in the paper. (The sample sizes in the actual experiment were larger.) For purposes of this exercise, you can assume that the boys were assigned at random to one of the four age label treatments (7+, 12+, 16+, and 18+). Data shown are the boys' ratings of how much they wanted to play the game on a scale of 1…Do ethnic group and gender influence the type of care that a heart patient receives? The following pas- sage is from the article “Heart Care Reflects Race and Sex, Not Symptoms” (USA Today, February 25, 1999, reprinted with permission):Previous research suggested blacks and women were less likely than whites and men to get cardiac cathe- terization or coronary bypass surgery for chest pain or a heart attack. Scientists blamed differences in illness severity, insurance coverage, patient preference, and health care access. The researchers eliminated those differences by videotaping actors—two black men, two black women, two white men, and two white women—describing chest pain from identical scripts. They wore identical gowns, used identical gestures, and were taped from the same position. Researchers asked 720 primary care doctors at meetings of the American College of Physicians or the American Academy of Family Physicians to watch a tape and recommend care. The doctors thought the…
- 24) Some research has shown that swearing can help reduce ratings of pain (Stephens, Atkins, & Kingston, 2009). In one such study, each participant was asked to plunge a hand into icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. In one condition, the participants repeated their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. In the other condition, the participants repeated a neutral word. In addition to lowering the participants’ perception of pain, swearing also increased the amount of time they were able to tolerate the pain. Data similar to the results obtained in their study are shown in the following table. Amount of Time (in Seconds) Participant Swear Words Neutral Words 1 94 59 2 70 61 3 52 47 4 83 60 5 46 35 6 117 92 7 69 53 8 39 30 9 51 56 10 73 61 Do these data indicate a significant difference in pain tolerance between the two conditions?…A group of cognitive psychologists were interested in testing whether learning in the testing environment improves memory retention (i.e, test scores) in a scuba diving class. To test this, the experimenters manipulated learning location such that half learned the material in a pool. in addition, the experimenters manipulated testing location such that half. of the class were tested in the classroom and half were tested in the pool. thus, a 2X2 design was used. Which statistical test should be used? a. one way between subjects ANOVA b. one way repeated measures ANOVA c two way between subjects ANOVA d. none of these optionsThe U.S. Department of Transportation reported that during November, 83.4% of Southwest Airlines' flights, 75.1% of US Airways' flights, and 70.1% of JetBlue's flights arrived on time (USA Today, January 4, 2007). Assume that this on-time performance is applicable for flights arriving at concourse A of the Rochester International Airport, and that 40% of the arrivals at concourse Aare Southwest Airlines flights, 35% are US Airways flights, and 25% are jetBlue flights. a) Deveiop a joint probability table with three rows (airlines) and two
- The authors of a paper on perceptions of video games carried out an experiment to determine if restrictive labels on video games actually increased the attractiveness of the game for young game players. Participants read a description of a new video game and were asked how much they wanted to play the game. The description also included an age rating. Some participants read the description with an age-restrictive label of 7+, indicating that the game was not appropriate for children under the age of 7. Others read the same description, but with an age-restrictive label of 12+, 16+, or 18+. The following data for 12- to 13-year-old boys are consistent with summary statistics given in the paper. (The sample sizes in the actual experiment were larger.) For purposes of this exercise, you can assume that the boys were assigned at random to one of the four age label treatments (7+, 12+, 16+, and 18+). Data shown are the boys' ratings of how much they wanted to play the game on a scale of 1…In an article in the Journal of Marketing, Bayus studied the differences between "early replacement buyers" and "late replacement buyers" in making consumer durable good replacement purchases. Early replacement buyers are consumers who replace a product during the early part of its lifetime, while late replacement buyers make replacement purchases late in the product's lifetime. In particular, Bayus studied automobile replacement purchases. Consumers who traded in cars with ages of zero to three years and mileages of no more than 35,000 miles were classified as early replacement buyers. Consumers who traded in cars with ages of seven or more years and mileages of more than 73,000 miles were classified as late replacement buyers. Bayus compared the two groups of buyers with respect to demographic variables such as income, education, age, and so forth. He also compared the two groups with respect to the amount of search activity in the replacement purchase process. Variables compared…Five percent of the customers who visit a website complete a product purchase. If one considers just the set of customers who completed the project purchase at the website, 80% read at least some of the user reviews about the product on the site. When considering those customers who did not purchase of the product at the website, only 20% of these potential customers read the user reviews about the product on the site. The website managers are interested in how customer review-reading behavior affects the likelihood of purchase. A likelihood probability for this problem context is: A. P(Purchase | Visit Site) B. P(Did Not Purchase | Read User Reviews) C. P(Visit Site | Purchase) D. P(Did Not Read User Reviews | Product Purchased) E. None of the answers are correct.