Removing the individual differences can substantially reduce variance and lower the standard error. However, this benefit only occurs if the individual differences are consistent across treatment conditions. Similarly , the last two participants consistently had the lowest scores in both treatments. To construct the following data, we started with data and climinated the consistency of the individual differences. For example, the first participant now has the lowest score in treatment 1 but the highest score in treatment 2. a. Assume that the data are from an independent measures study using two separate samples, each with n = 6 participants. Compute the pooled variance and the estimated standard error and the estimated standard error for the mean difference. b. Now assume that the data are from a repeated-measures study using the same sample of n=6 participants in both treatments conditions. Compute the variance for the sample of difference scores and the estimated standard error for the mean difference. (This time you should find that removing the individual differences does not reduce the variance or the standard error.) Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Difference 5 13 8 7 12 8 10 2 6 10 4 12 6 -6 10 9. -1 M = 8 SS = 34 M = 10 SS = 30 Mp = 2 SS= 120

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Removing the individual differences can substantially reduce variance and lower
the standard error. However, this benefit only occurs if the individual differences
are consistent across treatment conditions. Similarly , the last two participants
consistently had the lowest scores in both treatments. To construct the following
data, we started with data and eliminated the consistency of the individual
differences. For example, the first participant now has the lowest score in
treatment 1 but the highest score in treatment 2.
a. Assume that the data are from an independent measures study using two
separate samples, each with n = 6 participants. Compute the pooled
variance and the estimated standard error and the estimated standard error
for the mean difference.
b. Now assume that the data are from a repeated-measures study using the
same sample ofn = 6 participants in both treatments conditions. Compute
the variance for the sample of difference scores and the estimated standard
error for the mean difference. (This time you should find that removing the
individual differences does not reduce the variance or the standard error.)
Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Difference
13
7
12
8
10
10
4
12
6
-6
10
9.
-1
МM- 10
SS = 30
M = 8
Mp = 2
SS = 34
SS= 120
Transcribed Image Text:Removing the individual differences can substantially reduce variance and lower the standard error. However, this benefit only occurs if the individual differences are consistent across treatment conditions. Similarly , the last two participants consistently had the lowest scores in both treatments. To construct the following data, we started with data and eliminated the consistency of the individual differences. For example, the first participant now has the lowest score in treatment 1 but the highest score in treatment 2. a. Assume that the data are from an independent measures study using two separate samples, each with n = 6 participants. Compute the pooled variance and the estimated standard error and the estimated standard error for the mean difference. b. Now assume that the data are from a repeated-measures study using the same sample ofn = 6 participants in both treatments conditions. Compute the variance for the sample of difference scores and the estimated standard error for the mean difference. (This time you should find that removing the individual differences does not reduce the variance or the standard error.) Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Difference 13 7 12 8 10 10 4 12 6 -6 10 9. -1 МM- 10 SS = 30 M = 8 Mp = 2 SS = 34 SS= 120
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