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Questions 4 and 5

Questions 4 and 5

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
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Questions 4 and 5

**Educational Activity: G-340 Lab 3 - Seafloor Spreading, Hotspots, and Plate Tectonics** ![Map of Hawaiian Islands and Plate Movement](image-link-placeholder) **Figure Explanation:** The map displays the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean, highlighting volcanic peaks in red. Each island is labeled with its average age in millions of years. The chain includes islands such as Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu, and others. The Mauna Loa and Kilauea Volcanoes are indicated, with arrows showing the current direction of plate movement. A scale bar measures distances in kilometers. --- **Discussion Questions:** **3) How does the rate and direction of Pacific Plate movement during the past 1.6 million years compare to that from the older rate and direction of plate motion (4.7-1.6 million years)?** **4) Locate the Hawaiian Island chain and the Emperor Seamount chain in the top part of the figure. How are the chains related?** **5) Based on the distribution of the Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount chains, explain what the direction of plate motion has been like over the past 60 million years:** --- These questions aim to deepen understanding of plate tectonics and volcanic activity associated with hotspot geology. Use the map and your knowledge of seafloor spreading to explore these geological phenomena.
Transcribed Image Text:**Educational Activity: G-340 Lab 3 - Seafloor Spreading, Hotspots, and Plate Tectonics** ![Map of Hawaiian Islands and Plate Movement](image-link-placeholder) **Figure Explanation:** The map displays the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean, highlighting volcanic peaks in red. Each island is labeled with its average age in millions of years. The chain includes islands such as Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu, and others. The Mauna Loa and Kilauea Volcanoes are indicated, with arrows showing the current direction of plate movement. A scale bar measures distances in kilometers. --- **Discussion Questions:** **3) How does the rate and direction of Pacific Plate movement during the past 1.6 million years compare to that from the older rate and direction of plate motion (4.7-1.6 million years)?** **4) Locate the Hawaiian Island chain and the Emperor Seamount chain in the top part of the figure. How are the chains related?** **5) Based on the distribution of the Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount chains, explain what the direction of plate motion has been like over the past 60 million years:** --- These questions aim to deepen understanding of plate tectonics and volcanic activity associated with hotspot geology. Use the map and your knowledge of seafloor spreading to explore these geological phenomena.
### Educational Text Transcription and Diagram Explanation #### Text Questions 2) *What was the rate in centimeters per year (cm/yr) and direction of plate motion from 1.6 million years ago to the present time?* 3) *How does the rate and direction of Pacific Plate movement during the past 1.6 million years compare to that from the older rate and direction of plate motion (4.7-1.6 million years)?* 4) *Locate the Hawaiian Island chain and the Emperor Seamount chain in the top part of the figure. How are the chains related?* 5) *Based on the distribution of the Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount chains, explain what the direction of plate motion has been like over the past 60 million years:* #### Diagram Description The diagram is divided into two parts: 1. **Top Section**: - Displays the Pacific Plate, indicating the direction and speed of its movement. - Important geological events and volcanic activities are marked along the plate, including notable eruptions and earthquakes. - The Emperor Seamount Chain is located towards the top, showing the historical direction of volcanic activity. 2. **Bottom Section**: - Focuses on the Hawaiian Island chain, displaying individual islands with arrows indicating the age progression from youngest to oldest. - Each island is labeled with its name and average age in millions of years. - The diagram indicates that volcanic activity is currently occurring at the Mauna Loa Volcano. #### Key Observations - The movement of the Pacific Plate has varied in both rate and direction over different geological periods. - The Hawaiian Islands are part of a volcanic hotspot track that continues northward as the Emperor Seamount Chain. - Through analysis of the island and seamount chain distribution, it can be inferred that plate motion has shifted direction over millions of years, indicating changing geological activity and plate tectonics.
Transcribed Image Text:### Educational Text Transcription and Diagram Explanation #### Text Questions 2) *What was the rate in centimeters per year (cm/yr) and direction of plate motion from 1.6 million years ago to the present time?* 3) *How does the rate and direction of Pacific Plate movement during the past 1.6 million years compare to that from the older rate and direction of plate motion (4.7-1.6 million years)?* 4) *Locate the Hawaiian Island chain and the Emperor Seamount chain in the top part of the figure. How are the chains related?* 5) *Based on the distribution of the Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount chains, explain what the direction of plate motion has been like over the past 60 million years:* #### Diagram Description The diagram is divided into two parts: 1. **Top Section**: - Displays the Pacific Plate, indicating the direction and speed of its movement. - Important geological events and volcanic activities are marked along the plate, including notable eruptions and earthquakes. - The Emperor Seamount Chain is located towards the top, showing the historical direction of volcanic activity. 2. **Bottom Section**: - Focuses on the Hawaiian Island chain, displaying individual islands with arrows indicating the age progression from youngest to oldest. - Each island is labeled with its name and average age in millions of years. - The diagram indicates that volcanic activity is currently occurring at the Mauna Loa Volcano. #### Key Observations - The movement of the Pacific Plate has varied in both rate and direction over different geological periods. - The Hawaiian Islands are part of a volcanic hotspot track that continues northward as the Emperor Seamount Chain. - Through analysis of the island and seamount chain distribution, it can be inferred that plate motion has shifted direction over millions of years, indicating changing geological activity and plate tectonics.
Expert Solution
Introduction:

According to the plate tectonics theory, the surface of the Earth is made up of various hard lithospheric plates. These lithospheric plates float on top of the hot, ductile asthenosphere and are always in constant motion with respect to each other.

There are three types of plate boundaries which are as follows:

  1. Convergent plate boundaries
  2. Divergent plate boundaries
  3. Transform plate boundaries
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