QUESTION ONE The following financial information relates to Sporty Limited. Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2018 and 2019 Ordinary share capital Retained earnings Property, plant and equipment Investments Debentures 12.5% Inventory Trade debtors Prepaid expenses Trade creditors Bank overdraft SARS (income tax) Shareholders for dividends Profit before interest and tax Depreciation on equipment Dividends received on investments Interest on dividends Income tax Page 2 of 6 2019 Statement of comprehensive income for the year 31 December 2019 R 400 000 55 000 230 000 165 000 20 000 124 000 37 000 Note no. 1 for the year ended 31 December 2018 and 2019 Property, plant and equipment Land and building at cost Equipment at carrying value 25 000 21 000 5 000 30 000 Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2019 Dividends on ordinary shares 2019 (R) 200 000 30 000 230 000 R 295 000 5 000 195 000 110 000 60 000 120 000 28 500 1 500 42 500 25 000 R 2018 R 60 000 7 500 20 000 149 500 5 000 18 000 7 500 50 000 2018 (R) 160 000 35 000 195 000 Additional information 1. No equipment was purchased or sold during the financial year ended 31 December 2019 2. Ordinary shares were issued during the year. Required: Use the information provided above to prepare the cash flow statement for the year ended 31 December 2019 (indirect method).
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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