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Genetics Q6
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- Question 47 (a) Use the following figure to determine the changes to the amino acids that correspond to the normal and mutated DNA sequences. Normal DNA sequence: 3 CAT TCA AAC ATT 5 Mutated DNA sequence: 3 CAT AGT GAG GTC 5 (Hint: Write the mRNA first, then identify the amino acids.) (b) What type of mutation is shown? First base of codon U C A G U UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA Met ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Phe -Leu Leu lle Second base of codon A C Val -Ser Pro Thr Ala UAUTYT туг UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG. His Gin AAU AAC Asn AAA GAUT GAC GAA GAG Asp G AAGLYS AGG. GGU GGC GGA GGG Glu UGU UGC UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG Bys A Trp G U C -Arg AGU AGC AGA аса за Ser Arg U C Gly AG A U C A G U C A G Third base of codonQuestion 2. Ribosomes are cellular structures that are composed of protein and RNA; this structure is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids during a process known as translation. a) Many antibiotics that kill bacteria target translation. Why might this be an effective mechanism to kill bacteria? Why don't antibiotics also kill human (eukaryotic) ribosomes? b) The antibiotic Kasugamycin (KSG) destabilizes the P-site of the ribosome. Describe what parts of translation would be altered in the presence of this antibiotic. c) How does the following graph show the efficacy of translational knockdown with KSG? Met-Methionine C % of Met incorporation 100 80 60 40 20 0 + 0 2 4 6 8 KSG concentration (mg/ml) 10Question 45 When TRNAS and rRNAs have bases that H-bonds with other bases far apart from each other, the RNA molecules assume its secondary and tertiary structure. A) True B) False
- QUESTION 15 TRNA: a. can be drawn as a cloverleaf structure b. Has an anticodon C. has modified bases d. all of the aboveQuestion 7 A unique 5'CCA terminal sequence is found in all TRNAS to be able to carry the correct amino acid to the ribosome. (A) True B) False Question 8 Predominant nucleotides during protein synthesis are the GTPS. A True B) False Question 9 The nucleoside monophosphates are seen in metabolic pathways because their phosphoric anhydride bonds can be hydrolyzed off for energy. (A True False Question 10 The cyclic form of the sugar in DNA is a beta-D-3-deoxyribofuranose. A True FalseQuestion 28 The anticodon of a tRNA is 5'UUG. What codon(s) can be theoretically recognized by this tRNA? A) 5'AAC & 5' GAC B) 5'CAA only C) 5'CAA & 5'CAG D 5'AAC only
- Question 1. Enzymes, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) macromolecules. Enzymes are not only speed up the reaction, but also are necessary for DNA repreduction. are important biological a) Compare the process of protein synthesis between eukaryote mRNA and viral RNA b) With the aid of a diagram, draw an adapter molecule that recognizes the codons of mRNA and explain its functions in DNA translation.Question 11 The triplet code allows many amino acids to be specified by more than one codon. Such a code is said to be A synonymous. B) degenerate. c unambigous D) universal.Question 33 RNA polymerase IlI: A is located in the nucleoplasm and transcribes the protein-encoding genes through mRNAs. B transcribes tRNA genes and protein transport genes. c) transcribes the 55 RNA genes. D) transcribes RNA genes associated with TRNA processing.
- QUESTION 21 Choose each of the characteristic(s) of all RNA polymerases from the list below. A. elongation adds new ribonucleotides to the 3-OH B. requires a primer to initiate synthesis C. have 3' to 5' exonuclease activity D. adds nucleotides based on sequence complementarity to a template E. have 5' to 3' polymerase activity O F. elongation adds new ribonucleotides to the 2'-OH G. have 3' to 5' polymerase activityQuestion 36 During translation, translocation of the ribosome is driven by which of the following? A) ATP → AMP + PP; B) ATP → ADP + P; C) GTP D GMP + PP, GTP → GDP + P₁Question 15 Only eukaryotic transcription enzymes will synthesize small nuclear RNA molecules involved in the maturation and processing of other RNAS. (A) True B) False