Question 4 What is the hybridization around the nitrogen atom indicated with #4? H- CEC -C - c - c | 2 :F: 3 A. sp B. sp? C. sp3 D. sp³d E. sp°d? :2-I I-J - in
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
In the diagram, there is a molecular structure with four key sections labeled:
1. **Red Arrow (#1):** Points to a chlorine atom connected by a single bond.
2. **Blue Arrow (#2):** Points to a carbon-carbon triple bond.
3. **Green Arrow (#3):** Highlights a sulfur atom with six fluorine atoms arranged around it, indicative of a central atom with an expanded octet.
4. **Pink Arrow (#4):** Points to a nitrogen atom, which is the focus for determining hybridization. The nitrogen is connected by single bonds to a carbon atom and a chlorine atom, and it has a lone pair.
The question asks for the hybridization of the nitrogen atom indicated with #4.
Options:
A. sp
B. sp²
C. sp³
D. sp³d
E. sp³d²
In analyzing the nitrogen atom, it has three regions of electron density: two single bonds and one lone pair. This suggests sp³ hybridization.
However, with lone pairs, the hybridization is sp³ when considering both bonds and lone pairs as steric numbers. Therefore, the correct answer is:
C. sp³](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F67dddcd1-8f90-4636-a643-e8194ba983a9%2F4c162476-f6dc-4a18-b50f-97a401f72664%2Fllc4w6p_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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