QUESTION 36 The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells is O a. the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers O b. oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water Oa the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane(build up of protons) O d. the final transfer of electrons to oxygen

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Question 36:**

The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells is:

- a. the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers
- b. oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and water
- c. the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane (build up of protons)
- d. the final transfer of electrons to oxygen

**Explanation:**

In the context of eukaryotic cells, ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation is primarily driven by the proton-motive force. This is generated by the electron transport chain, where electrons transferred from NADH and FADH₂ through a series of complexes leads to the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting gradient creates potential energy, which is used by ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Thus, option c is the correct answer.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question 36:** The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells is: - a. the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers - b. oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and water - c. the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane (build up of protons) - d. the final transfer of electrons to oxygen **Explanation:** In the context of eukaryotic cells, ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation is primarily driven by the proton-motive force. This is generated by the electron transport chain, where electrons transferred from NADH and FADH₂ through a series of complexes leads to the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting gradient creates potential energy, which is used by ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Thus, option c is the correct answer.
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