QUESTION 1 Calcitriol Signals through the VDR that homodimerizes with itself to activate gene transcription. Is converted to 7-dehydrocholesterol by UV-B light. • Is a secosteroid. • Signals through a membrane RTKase QUESTION 2 Which of the following statements are not correct about the evolution of the gineralized stress response in animals? • The prolonged response to chronic stress is only maladaptive in vertebrates because of the greater physiological sophistication compared to invertebrates. • In invertebrates, the hormonal center to a stress response is localized in nuclei spread throughout the body. • Invertebrates and vertebrates share many hormones that mediate the response to physiological stress. • One of the physiological effects shared by the response of vertebrates and invertebrates to generalized stress is increasing available energy sources. QUESTION 3 Prolactin and GM control water and sodium ion homeostasis in fish. • True (Not sure) • False Impossible to answer questions with the provided information. QUESTION 4 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has which of the following effects in vertebrates? • It is a hypocalcemic (reducing blood calcium levels) hormone. • It is also produced in invertebrates, where it has no effects of calcium levels. • It is a hypercalcemic (increasing blood calcium levels) hormone. • It inhibits the production of calcitriol. QUESTION 5 Atrial natriuretic peptides signal through • a 1-TMS heterodimerizing RTKase • a 1-TMS heterodimerizing receptor coupled to a histidine kinase activity. • a GPCT not coupled to G-proteins • a 1-TMS homodimerizing receptor coupled to guanylate cyclase activity. QUESTION 6 Natriuretic peptide hormones .... • act to accelerate animal sodium ion loss. • act to limit animal sodium ion loss. • are part of the capacity response to osmotic stress. act to retain potassium in the body. QUESTION 7 Which statement accurately describes our current understanding of the evolution of VDR? • The VDR gene is found solely within advanced vertebrates and is absent in reptiles. • The VDR gene in vertebrates has gone through multiple rounds of gene duplication giving rise to an unusually high number of VDR variants. • Even though they do not produce the VDR, invertebrates possess the VDR gene. • The VDR gene is found in invertebrates, but the VDR protein acts to control sodium not calcium. QUESTION 8 Hormones which regulate calcium or phosphate levels are not shared between vertebrates and invertebrates. • True • False QUESTION 9 Which of the following statements correctly describes the evolution of atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs)? • The ANPs are very old hormones and are found in vertebrates and invertebrates. • The ANPs arose from a gain-of-function mutation and are only found in mammals. • The ANPs are very old hormones and act as natriuretic peptides only in vertebrates not in invertebrates. • The ANPs are very old hormones and are only found in vertebrates. QUESTION 10 Why is the response to osmotic stress centered on hormones that control body levels of sodium ions? • Because proteins exist to transport sodium across the cell membrane. • Because sodium ion represents approximately half of all solutes in animals. • Because of the extra energy demand caused by osmotic stress. • Because sodium ion in found inside and outside cells. Please answer all for my homework

QUESTION 1 Calcitriol Signals through the VDR that homodimerizes with itself to activate gene transcription. Is converted to 7-dehydrocholesterol by UV-B light. • Is a secosteroid. • Signals through a membrane RTKase QUESTION 2 Which of the following statements are not correct about the evolution of the gineralized stress response in animals? • The prolonged response to chronic stress is only maladaptive in vertebrates because of the greater physiological sophistication compared to invertebrates. • In invertebrates, the hormonal center to a stress response is localized in nuclei spread throughout the body. • Invertebrates and vertebrates share many hormones that mediate the response to physiological stress. • One of the physiological effects shared by the response of vertebrates and invertebrates to generalized stress is increasing available energy sources. QUESTION 3 Prolactin and GM control water and sodium ion homeostasis in fish. • True (Not sure) • False Impossible to answer questions with the provided information. QUESTION 4 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has which of the following effects in vertebrates? • It is a hypocalcemic (reducing blood calcium levels) hormone. • It is also produced in invertebrates, where it has no effects of calcium levels. • It is a hypercalcemic (increasing blood calcium levels) hormone. • It inhibits the production of calcitriol. QUESTION 5 Atrial natriuretic peptides signal through • a 1-TMS heterodimerizing RTKase • a 1-TMS heterodimerizing receptor coupled to a histidine kinase activity. • a GPCT not coupled to G-proteins • a 1-TMS homodimerizing receptor coupled to guanylate cyclase activity. QUESTION 6 Natriuretic peptide hormones .... • act to accelerate animal sodium ion loss. • act to limit animal sodium ion loss. • are part of the capacity response to osmotic stress. act to retain potassium in the body. QUESTION 7 Which statement accurately describes our current understanding of the evolution of VDR? • The VDR gene is found solely within advanced vertebrates and is absent in reptiles. • The VDR gene in vertebrates has gone through multiple rounds of gene duplication giving rise to an unusually high number of VDR variants. • Even though they do not produce the VDR, invertebrates possess the VDR gene. • The VDR gene is found in invertebrates, but the VDR protein acts to control sodium not calcium. QUESTION 8 Hormones which regulate calcium or phosphate levels are not shared between vertebrates and invertebrates. • True • False QUESTION 9 Which of the following statements correctly describes the evolution of atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs)? • The ANPs are very old hormones and are found in vertebrates and invertebrates. • The ANPs arose from a gain-of-function mutation and are only found in mammals. • The ANPs are very old hormones and act as natriuretic peptides only in vertebrates not in invertebrates. • The ANPs are very old hormones and are only found in vertebrates. QUESTION 10 Why is the response to osmotic stress centered on hormones that control body levels of sodium ions? • Because proteins exist to transport sodium across the cell membrane. • Because sodium ion represents approximately half of all solutes in animals. • Because of the extra energy demand caused by osmotic stress. • Because sodium ion in found inside and outside cells. Please answer all for my homework

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks