QUESTION 1 A team of research physicians conducted a study to detemine the effect of health education on the utilization of health services for hypertension patients (Drug Topics, April 1993). Data collected for a sample of n = 282 new HMO enrollees with hypertension problems were used to fit the following model: E() = + fxı + Bn+ A + Ax4 + Bxs Where y = Annual health care expenditures (Dollars) XI = Age (years) [1 if female 0 if male if white X =
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- Americium 241 (241 Am) is a radioactive material used in the manufacture of 241 smoke detectors. An article described a study in which 55 beagles were injected with a dose of Am (proportional to each animal's weight). Skeletal retention of 241 Am (in microcuries per kilogram) was recorded for each beagle, resulting in the following data: 0.196 0.3 0.287 0.315 0.335 0.333 0.306 0.353 0.301 0.441 0.337 0.451 0.346 0.243 0.447 0.332 0.408 0.367 0.357 0.304 0.236 0.419 Answer: 0.498 0.448 0.334 0.585 0.292 0.399 0.345 0.32 0.489 0.354 0.428 0.411 0.188 0.299 0.291 0.375 0.303 0.186 0.349 0.318 0.345 0.361 0.324 0.399 0.292 0.19 0.305 0.419 0.393 0.324 0.468 0.412 0.329 By constructing an equal width GFDT (for the given dataset) with six classes and class width (using the given formula in Lecture note II) to be rounded to the nearest hundredth, what proportion of these observations are not less than 0.395 but less than or equal 0.535? (Type your answer in decimal form and round it to the…Consider a single variable model to estimate the effect of in-person lecture attendance on university students' WAMs (weighted average marks): (C1) WAM = β0 + β1Attend + u Where: WAMis a student's weight average mark Attendis the proportion of lectures attended by a student in an academic year Using the information above, answer the following 3 questions. [i] Explain why Attend might be endogenous in Model (C1). What does this suggest about E [u ∣ Attend]? [ii] Suppose that student attendance is related to a student's conscientiousness. Does this mean that conscientiousness would be a good instrumental variable for Attend? Why or why not? Explain your reasoning. [iii] Unfortunately a major strike by railway works disrupts transport links to 3 of the 7 universities in a city for a period of 2 weeks. This temporarily means that students who are enrolled at those 3 affected universities cannot attend lectures in person. Carefully explain how you would use this information to…Suppose the following data were collected from a sample of 1515 CEOs relating annual salary to years of experience and the economic sector their company belongs to. Use statistical software to find the following regression equation: SALARYi=b0+b1EXPERIENCEi+b2SERVICEi+b3INDUSTRIALi+eiSALARY�=�0+�1EXPERIENCE�+�2SERVICE�+�3INDUSTRIAL�+��. Is there enough evidence to support the claim that on average, CEOs in the industrial sector have lower salaries than CEOs in the financial sector at the 0.010.01 level of significance? If yes, write the regression equation in the spaces provided with answers rounded to two decimal places. Else, select "There is not enough evidence." Copy Data CEO Salaries Salary Experience Service (1 if service sector, 0 otherwise) Industrial (1 if industrial sector, 0 otherwise) Financial (1 if financial sector, 0 otherwise) 155200155200 2020 11 00 00 179715179715 1818 00 00 11 171750171750 3131 11 00 00 187075187075 2121 00 00 11 151550151550…
- A regression model to predict Y, the state burglary rate per 100,000 people for 2005, used the following four state predictors: X1 = median age in 2005, X2 = number of 2005 bankruptcies, X3 = 2004 federal expenditures per capita (a leading predictor), and X4 = 2005 high school graduation percentage. (a) Fill in the values in the table given here for a two-tailed test at α = 0.01 with 33 d.f. (Negative values should be indicated by a minus sign. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Round your t-values to 3 decimal places and p-values to 4 decimal places.) Predictor Coefficient SE tcalc p-value Intercept 4,579.5465 791.5050 AgeMed -27.292 12.1893 Bankrupt 19.5612 12.0754 FedSpend -0.0132 0.0116 HSGrad% -27.5839 7.1731 (b-1) What is the critical value of Student's t in Appendix D for a two-tailed test at α = .01 with 33 d.f? (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.) t-value = (b-2) Choose the correct option.…An independent researcher is interested in studying the factors that affects the educational attainment of an individual (Y). For her study she chooses educational attainment of the individual's mother (X,) and the annual income of the individual's family (X,) as regressors. The researcher randomly selects a sample of 280 individuals and estimates the following regression function: Y = 8.00 + 1.74X, +2.12X2 (0.76) (1.98) She wants to test whether or not a change in (X,) significantly affects (Y) keeping the annual income of the individual's family constant. The t-statistic for testing the hypothesis Ho: B1 = 0 vs. H1 B1 0 will be (Round your answer to two decimal places.) If the researcher uses a 5% significance level, we the null hypothesis. She now includes the educational attainment of the individual's father (X) as the third regressor in the regression equation. The newly estimated regression equation is: Y, = 8.51 + 0 83X, +2.01X2 + 2.12X3. (2.20) (2.14) (1.57) With the revised…In a study a group of 50 adults were asked how comfortable they felt around 5 types of animals: dogs, cats, cows, horses and sheep. For each type of animal, each respondent gave a number between 0 and 100 to indicate their comfort level (0 being 'hate being around' to 100 being 'love being around'). The data are given in Table 10, along with the loadings of the first two principal components. Variable (b) (c) X₁ X₂ X3 X4 X5 Animal Mean Dogs 74.5 Cats 76.2 Cows 45.2 Horses 51.2 Sheep 48.3 Table 10 Standard Deviation Component 1 Loadings 8.1 7.5 7.1 8.6 6.9 0.724 -0.684 0.080 -0.040 -0.017 Component 2 0.387 0.425 0.464 0.449 0.503 (a) The data were not standardized prior to being analyzed using principal components. Give 2 reasons why the decision not to standardize is reasonable for these data. Interpret each of the 2 components. Justify your answer. Suppose a decision was taken to standardize the data after all. Calculate the values of the standardized variables for a person whose…
- In a study of possible correlation between the height in cm (X) and the weight in kg (Y) of chimpanzees, a sample of 40 animals produces a correlation coefficient of r = 0.813 and a regression line with equation Y = 0.34X + 19.5. What is the expected weight of an 80cm tall chimpanzee? O A) 177.9 kg O B) 34.8 kg OC)24.0 kg OD) 46.7 kgTardigrades, or water bears, are a type of micro-animal famous for their resilience. In examining the effects of radiation on organisms, an expert claimed that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades no longer has a mean of 1150 Gy (grays). (For comparison, humans cannot withstand more than 10 Gy.) A random sample of 25 tardigrade colonies found that the amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony had a sample mean of 1133 Gy, with a sample standard deviation of 02 Gy. Assume that the population of amounts of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades is appraximately normally distributed. Complete the parts below to perform a hypothesis test to see if there is enough evidence, at the 0.05 level af significance, to support that H, the mean amount of gamma radiation needed to sterilize a colony of tardigrades, is not equal to 1150 Cy. (a) State the null hypothesis H, and the alternative hypothesis H, that you would use for…Suppose you are examining a multi-variable linear regression model that was designed to predict the weight of a person, measured in kg, using 3 predictor variables. One of the variables used in this analysis is "height", with the coefficient of this variable being equal to 3.96, with a standard error of the coefficient equal to 1.168. There are 300 datapoints in the dataset. Using this information, what would be the test statistic (t-ratio) for the test to see if the variable "height" is significant? Only round final answer. Round to two decimal places.
- In exercise 12, the following data on x = average daily hotel room rate and y = amount spent on entertainment (The Wall Street Journal, August 18, 2011) lead to the estimated regression equation ŷ = 17.49 + 1.0334x. For these data SSE = 1541.4.Click on the datafile logo to reference the data. Use Table 1 of Appendix B. a. Predict the amount spent on entertainment for a particular city that has a daily room rate of $89 (to 2 decimals).$ b. Develop a 95% confidence interval for the mean amount spent on entertainment for all cities that have a daily room rate of $89 (to 2 decimals).$ to $ c. The average room rate in Chicago is $128. Develop a 95% prediction interval for the amount spent on entertainment in Chicago (to 2 decimals).A standardized exam's scores are normally distributed. In a recent year, the mean test score was 1471 and the standard deviation was 318. The test scores of four students selected at random are 1910, 1210, 2210, and 1370. Find the z-scores that correspond to each value and determine whether any of the values are unusual. The z-score for 1910 is (Round to two decimal places as needed.)Suppose you wanted to estimate the effect of being educated on being in the labor force. You estimate a model with two variables, LF is a binary variable = 1 if the person is participating in the labor force and the variable educ measures the number of years of education a person has received. You get the following estimated regression: LF = 0.1 + 0.15educ Which of the following is the correct interpretation about the effect of an additional year of education? O A 1% increase in education increases the number of those participating in the labor force by 15 percentage points. A additional year in education increases the number of those participating in the labor force by 0.15 percentage points A additional year in education increases the number of those participating in the labor force by 0.15% An additional year of education increases the probability of participating in the labor force by 15 percentage points. An additional year of education increases the probability of participating…