Question 1: A risk averse agent, whose utility is given by U(r) = lnr and whose wealth is 50,000 is faced with a potential loss of 10,000 with a probability of 0.1. What is the maximum premium he would be willing to pay to protect himself against this loss? What is the minimum premium that an insurer, with the same utility function and wealth 1,000,000 will be willing to charge to cover this loss? Explain the difference beteen the two figures.
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- What term is used to express the likelihood of an event occurring? Are there restrictions on its values? If so, what are they? If not, explain.3. Suppose Chelsea has the following utility function over sure wealth: v (y) = In y (a) Consider the lottery that yields the outcome $2 with probability and the outcome $8 with probability . What is Chelsea's certainty equivalent for this lottery? 2 3* (b) For the lottery in (b), how much would Chelsea pay to have her risk taken away? (c) What is Chelsea's probability premium at $25 for a lottery that could swing her wealth $20 up or down? What about $15 up or down?1. ABC inc. stock is currently selling for $30, one year from today the stock price can either increase by 20% or decrease by 15%. The probability of an increase in the stock price is equal to 0.3. The one-year risk-free rate is 5% What is the value of a European put that expires in one year with an exercise price of $24. 2. Graphically, show the value and the profit and loss of the following butterfly position: Long in a call with an exercise price of $30, short in 2 calls with an exercise price of $45, and long in a call with an exercise price of 60. All calls are written on the same stock and have the same maturity. 3. "Early exercise of an American option on a stock that does not pay any dividend is not optimal regardless of whether the option is a Call or a Put". True, False, or Uncertain. Explain.
- Returns earned over a given time period are called realized returns. Historical data on realized returns is often used to estimate future results. Analysts across companies use realized stock returns to estimate the risk of a stock. Consider the case of Celestial Crane Cosmetics Inc. (CCC): Five years of realized returns for CCC are given in the following table. Remember: 1. While CCC was started 40 years ago, its common stock has been publicly traded for the past 25 years. 2. The returns on its equity are calculated as arithmetic returns. 3. The historical returns for CCC for 2014 to 2018 are: 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Stock return 18.75% 12.75% 22.50% 31.50% 9.75% Given the preceding data, the average realized return on CCC’s stock is . The preceding data series represents of CCC’s historical returns. Based on this conclusion, the standard deviation of CCC’s historical returns is . If investors expect the…Returns earned over a given time period are called realized returns. Historical data on realized returns is often used to estimate future results. Analysts across companies use realized stock returns to estimate the risk of a stock. Consider the case of Happy Dog Soap Inc. (HDS): Five years of realized returns for HDS are given in the following table. Remember: 1. While HDS was started 40 years ago, its common stock has been publicly traded for the past 25 years. 2. The returns on its equity are calculated as arithmetic returns. 3. The historical returns for HDS for 2014 to 2018 are: 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Stock return 8.75% 5.95% 10.50% 14.70% 4.55% Given the preceding data, the average realized return on HDS's stock is The preceding data series represents historical returns is of HDS's historical returns. Based on this conclusion, the standard deviation of HDS's If investors expect the average realized return from 2014 to 2018 on HDS's stock to continue into the future, its…Suppose that we are interested in explaining the equity pre- mium puzzle using prospect theory. Suppose also that the probability weighting function is linear and the utility function under prospect theory is given by x0.5 if x ≥ 0 (domain of gains) v (x) = — (−x) 0.5 if x < 0 (domain of losses) Evaluate the following statement. ”Under the assumptions given in the question we can explain the equity premium puzzle.” (A) True. (B) False. (C) There is insufficient information to answer this question.
- Consider a life who purchases a one-year term insurance with sum insured $1000 payable at the end of the year of death. Let us suppose that the life is subject to a mortality of rate of 0.01 over the year, that the insurer can earn interest at 4 % per year, and nat there are nO expenses. Suppose that this insurance is offered to 2300 policyholders. Find the premium based on the portfolio percentile premium principle so that the probability of the total future loss is negative is 95%. Answer:A life insurance company sells whole-life assurance policies with a sum assured of $20,000, payable at the end of the year of death. A life aged 50 exact has just committed to purchase a policy (first premium not paid yet). The premium is $420 payable annually in advance until the death of the policyholder. a) Find the expected present value of the future loss to the company arising from this policy. b) Show that the variance of the present value of the future loss from this policy can be expressed as ?. ?50 ′ + ?. Determine the numerical values of ? and ?, and the rate of interest used to evaluate ?50 ′ . Basis: mortality AM92 Ultimate, interest 4% pa. Ignore expenses.If P(x) = 0.5 and x = 4, then the expected value of x is: a.E(x) = 4.5 b.E(x) = 0.5 c.E(x) = 4 d.E(x) = 0 e.E(x) = 2
- Two investments, X and Y, have the characteristics shown below. E(X) = $60, E(Y) = $90, o = 10,000, o? = 17,000 and axy = 6,500 If the weight of portfolio assets assigned to investment X is 0.8, calculate the a. portfolio expected return and b. portfolio risk. a. If the weight of portfolio assets assigned to investment X is 0.8, the portfolio expected return is $ (Type an integer or a decimal.) b. If the weight of portfolio assets assigned to investment X is 0.8, the portfolio risk is approximately $. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)4. Suppose that a set of portfolio managers has a chance p = 50% of beating the market by 10% in a given year and chance 1 - p of underperforming by 10%. Performance from one year to the next is independent and uncorrelated. Returns are simple returns and compounding is ignored. (a) What is the probability that a manager will achieve a five-year track record which beats the market for at least 4 out of 5 years? (b) Suppose that unsuccessful managers get forced out of business as soon they are down overall -30%; that is, as soon as as their record contains 3 more losing years than winning years. What is the probability of failure over a five-year horizon? (c) Among those who survive, what is the expected total return?Question 2: A risk averse agent, whose utility is given by u(a) = In(x) and his wealth is 50, 000 is faced with a potential loss of 10,000 with a probability of p = 0.1. What is the maximum premium he would be willing to pay to protect himself against this loss?