Recall that Benford's Law claims that numbers chosen from very large data files tend to have "1" as the first nonzero digit disproportionately often. In fact, research has shown that if you randomly draw a number from a very large data file, the probability of getting a number with "1" as the leading digit is about 0.301. Now suppose you are an auditor for a very large corporation. The revenue report involves millions of numbers in a large computer file. Let us say you took a random sample of n = 223 numerical entries from the file and r = 48 of the entries had a first nonzero digit of 1. Let p represent the population proportion of all numbers in the corporate file that have a first nonzero digit of 1. (i) Test the claim that p is less than 0.301. Use ? = 0.05. (a) What is the level of significance? State the null and alternate hypotheses. H0: p < 0.301; H1: p = 0.301 H0: p = 0.301; H1: p > 0.301 H0: p = 0.301; H1: p < 0.301 H0: p = 0.301; H1: p ≠ 0.301 (b) What sampling distribution will you use? The standard normal, since np > 5 and nq > 5. The standard normal, since np < 5 and nq < 5. The Student's t, since np < 5 and nq < 5. The Student's t, since np > 5 and nq > 5. What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to two decimal places.) (c) Find the P-value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Recall that Benford's Law claims that numbers chosen from very large data files tend to have "1" as the first nonzero digit disproportionately often. In fact, research has shown that if you randomly draw a number from a very large data file, the probability of getting a number with "1" as the leading digit is about 0.301. Now suppose you are an auditor for a very large corporation. The revenue report involves millions of numbers in a large computer file. Let us say you took a random sample of n = 223 numerical entries from the file and r = 48 of the entries had a first nonzero digit of 1. Let p represent the population proportion of all numbers in the corporate file that have a first nonzero digit of 1.

(i) Test the claim that p is less than 0.301. Use ? = 0.05.

(a) What is the level of significance?

State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: p < 0.301; H₁: p = 0.301

H₀: p = 0.301; H₁: p > 0.301

H₀: p = 0.301; H₁: p < 0.301

H₀: p = 0.301; H₁: p ≠ 0.301

(b) What sampling distribution will you use?

The standard normal, since np > 5 and nq > 5.

The standard normal, since np < 5 and nq < 5.

The Student's t, since np < 5 and nq < 5.

The Student's t, since np > 5 and nq > 5.

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

(c) Find the P-value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

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