Q4- A circular shaft consists of steel and aluminum segments is subjected to the torques shown in Fig. Determine the maximum permissible value of T if the 2T allowable torsional shear stresses for steel and aluminum are 100 MPa and 75 MPa respectively and the angle of rotation at A is limited to 3 degrees. The Shear Modulus, G-83GPa and Gal-28GPa. 150 mm Abby -225 mm- 175 mm Beel -300 mm - B.

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A: ζb=70 MPaζs=110 MPaGb=80 GPaGs=40 GPa di=70 mmd0=90 mm

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A: J1 = π32×0.554 J2 = π32×0.354-0.234

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Sizing Joists and Rafters

In civil engineering and building construction, joists and rafters are the major components including beams and columns. Almost every structural construction including buildings, skyscrapers, bridges, commercial complexes, and so on makes use of joists and rafters to provide structural integrity to the building. Joists are primarily thick long pieces of metals, concrete, or wood that are used to support the floor and ceiling. On the other hand, rafters form the major component of pitched roofs, which are a series of sloped long pieces extending from a ridged area that makes contact with the plane area of the wall. They account for the load-bearing of the building along with the beams.