Q2/A circular jet of water at 200C impinges on the vane shown in figure. The incident jet has a velocity of 25 m/s and a diameter of 200 mm. The vane divides the incident jet equally, and the jet exits the vane as two jets, each making an angle of 200 with the incoming jet. (a) Determine the force on the vane when the vane is moving at a speed of 15 m/s in the same direction as that of the incident jet. (b) Determine the force on the vane when the vane is moving at a speed of 15 m/s in the opposite direction to that of the incident jet. Assume water at 200C.

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System of Forces

A force is an external influence or agent that changes the state of a system. According to Newton's second law, the force applied to a body is proportional to the change in momentum of a body. Hence, whenever a force is applied to a body, its momentum changes. If the body is at rest, under the action of force, its state of rest changes to motion. In other words, the magnitude of the momentum of the body changes from zero to a measurable value. Similarly, if the body possesses some initial velocity, it has some associated momentum, the effect of force can cause the body to halt or come to rest, that is, the momentum reduces to zero.