Provide an arrow pushing mechanism for the following reaction. Make sure to include initiation, propagation, and at least Hint: use the peroxide to initiate the RXN CCI4
Provide an arrow pushing mechanism for the following reaction. Make sure to include initiation, propagation, and at least Hint: use the peroxide to initiate the RXN CCI4
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Chemical Reaction Mechanism: An Educational Overview**
**Introduction:**
In this educational module, we will explore the arrow-pushing mechanism for a specific organic chemical reaction presented in the image. You will learn how to illustrate the initiation, propagation, and termination steps in a radical reaction mechanism.
**Reaction Overview:**
1. **Reactants:**
- Benzoyl peroxide (a compound with two benzoyl groups attached to a peroxide linkage).
- Solvent: CCl₄ (carbon tetrachloride).
2. **Product:**
- The reaction yields compounds with chlorinated groups, specifically a molecule containing CHCl₂ and a chlorine atom (Cl).
**Step-by-Step Mechanism:**
**Initiation:**
- Benzoyl peroxide undergoes homolytic cleavage to form two benzoyloxyl radicals. This process is facilitated by heat or UV light. Each bond between the oxygens breaks homolytically, generating the radicals.
\[ \text{C₆H₅C(=O)O-O(C=O)C₆H₅} \xrightarrow{\Delta}\ 2 \cdot \text{C₆H₅C(=O)O•} \]
**Propagation:**
1. The benzoyloxyl radicals (C₆H₅C(=O)O•) can abstract a chlorine atom from carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), forming a benzoyloxy radical and Cl• radical.
\[ \text{C₆H₅C(=O)O• + CCl₄} \rightarrow \text{C₆H₅C(=O)O-Cl + •CCl₃} \]
2. The •CCl₃ radical can then react with the target molecule (in this case, unspecified reactants are present but primarily involve alkanes or alkenes) to form the final product.
\[ \text{•CCl₃ + RH} \rightarrow \text{R• + H-CCl₃} \]
3. The radical intermediate R• continues to propagate, leading to the eventual substitution by Cl, forming the final product.
\[ \text{R• + Cl₂} \rightarrow \text{R-Cl + Cl•} \]
**Termination:**
- Radical coupling can produce various termination products, effectively neutralizing reactive species.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Chemical Reaction Mechanism: An Educational Overview**
**Introduction:**
In this educational module, we will explore the arrow-pushing mechanism for a specific organic chemical reaction presented in the image. You will learn how to illustrate the initiation, propagation, and termination steps in a radical reaction mechanism.
**Reaction Overview:**
1. **Reactants:**
- Benzoyl peroxide (a compound with two benzoyl groups attached to a peroxide linkage).
- Solvent: CCl₄ (carbon tetrachloride).
2. **Product:**
- The reaction yields compounds with chlorinated groups, specifically a molecule containing CHCl₂ and a chlorine atom (Cl).
**Step-by-Step Mechanism:**
**Initiation:**
- Benzoyl peroxide undergoes homolytic cleavage to form two benzoyloxyl radicals. This process is facilitated by heat or UV light. Each bond between the oxygens breaks homolytically, generating the radicals.
\[ \text{C₆H₅C(=O)O-O(C=O)C₆H₅} \xrightarrow{\Delta}\ 2 \cdot \text{C₆H₅C(=O)O•} \]
**Propagation:**
1. The benzoyloxyl radicals (C₆H₅C(=O)O•) can abstract a chlorine atom from carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), forming a benzoyloxy radical and Cl• radical.
\[ \text{C₆H₅C(=O)O• + CCl₄} \rightarrow \text{C₆H₅C(=O)O-Cl + •CCl₃} \]
2. The •CCl₃ radical can then react with the target molecule (in this case, unspecified reactants are present but primarily involve alkanes or alkenes) to form the final product.
\[ \text{•CCl₃ + RH} \rightarrow \text{R• + H-CCl₃} \]
3. The radical intermediate R• continues to propagate, leading to the eventual substitution by Cl, forming the final product.
\[ \text{R• + Cl₂} \rightarrow \text{R-Cl + Cl•} \]
**Termination:**
- Radical coupling can produce various termination products, effectively neutralizing reactive species.
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