Problem N° 5 Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three of the traits that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant and recessive expression: Axial (flowers originate along the stems) is dominant over terminal (flowers on top of the stem). Long ("tall") stem is dominant over short stem ("dwarf"). Round seed is dominant over wrinkled. If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters were allowed to self-fertilize, what proportion of the offspring would be expected to be as follows? a. homozygous for the three dominant traits b. homozygous for the three recessive traits c. heterozygous (for all three characteristics) d. homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shape

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Background
Problem N° 5
Objective: To apply classical transmission
genetics in a trihybrid cross.
Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three of the traits
that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting
BOTANIQUE.
Légumineuses
gene and has dominant and recessive expression:
Solve it using the rules of probability instead
Axial (flowers originate along the stems) is dominant over terminal
(flowers on top of the stem).
of Punnet squares, bifurcation forks, or
mental visualization.
Long ("tall") stem is dominant over short stem ("dwarf").
Let's use the symbols T, t for genes
determining axial vs. terminal; Le, le for tall
vs. dwarf; K, k for round vs. wrinkled (from
Round seed is dominant over wrinkled.
If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters were allowed to
self-fertilize, what proportion of the offspring would be expected to be
as follows?
the German noun knitter = wrinkle).
One final note: the phenotype "tall plant"
may be conferred by the genotype Lele or
a. homozygous for the three dominant traits
Lele; this can be abbreviated as Le-, where
the dash represents the alternative allele.
The homozygous lele can only show the
recessive phenotype.
b. homozygous for the three recessive traits
Since an organism only shows the recessive
phenotype when it is homozygous for that
particular genotype, a homozygous
recessive is usually referred as the recessive.
heterozygous (for all three characteristics)
C.
POIS binaille
vene
C dnd e l
waliee al ddn a
i la mod l dead d fare ce d gri
PISUM
d. homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shape
Background
Problem N° 6
Objective: To illustrate the differences between
the dominant/recessive model vs. partial (or
incomplete) dominance model. In incomplete
dominance, the phenotype is neither dominant
nor recessive, but intermediate instead.
Explain why a monohybrid cross of snapdragon plants carrying white flowers with red-flowered plants
produces all pink flowers in the F1 generation. [Hint: What makes flowers red, purple, yellow, etc.?]
a.
b.
What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of snapdragon flowers in the F2 generation?
True breeding individual = Homozygous for
either trait.
Transcribed Image Text:Background Problem N° 5 Objective: To apply classical transmission genetics in a trihybrid cross. Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three of the traits that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting BOTANIQUE. Légumineuses gene and has dominant and recessive expression: Solve it using the rules of probability instead Axial (flowers originate along the stems) is dominant over terminal (flowers on top of the stem). of Punnet squares, bifurcation forks, or mental visualization. Long ("tall") stem is dominant over short stem ("dwarf"). Let's use the symbols T, t for genes determining axial vs. terminal; Le, le for tall vs. dwarf; K, k for round vs. wrinkled (from Round seed is dominant over wrinkled. If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters were allowed to self-fertilize, what proportion of the offspring would be expected to be as follows? the German noun knitter = wrinkle). One final note: the phenotype "tall plant" may be conferred by the genotype Lele or a. homozygous for the three dominant traits Lele; this can be abbreviated as Le-, where the dash represents the alternative allele. The homozygous lele can only show the recessive phenotype. b. homozygous for the three recessive traits Since an organism only shows the recessive phenotype when it is homozygous for that particular genotype, a homozygous recessive is usually referred as the recessive. heterozygous (for all three characteristics) C. POIS binaille vene C dnd e l waliee al ddn a i la mod l dead d fare ce d gri PISUM d. homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shape Background Problem N° 6 Objective: To illustrate the differences between the dominant/recessive model vs. partial (or incomplete) dominance model. In incomplete dominance, the phenotype is neither dominant nor recessive, but intermediate instead. Explain why a monohybrid cross of snapdragon plants carrying white flowers with red-flowered plants produces all pink flowers in the F1 generation. [Hint: What makes flowers red, purple, yellow, etc.?] a. b. What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of snapdragon flowers in the F2 generation? True breeding individual = Homozygous for either trait.
Background
Problem N° 7
Objective: To illustrate the use of test
crosses to establish unknown genotypes.
In dogs (Canis familiaris), there is a hereditary deafness caused by the recessive gene d. A kennel owner has a
male dog (Fido, of course) that she wants to use for breeding purposes. She comes to you for genetic advice. The
dog can hear, so you know that his genotype is either DD or Dd.
For this problem, you are allowed to use
Punnett squares or pedigrees.
If Fido's genotype were Dd, the owner would not use him for breeding so that the deafness gene will not be
passed on. The dog's genotype can be ascertained via a test-cross with a deaf female (dd). Draw Punnett squares
or pedigrees to illustrate these two possible crosses.
A test cross uses an individual whose
genotype we can be certain of, i.e., a
homozygous recessive for a particular trait.
Such organism is crossed with one whose
genotype we do not know (remember the
homozygous recessive always express the
recessive phenotype). In this case, a dd dog
will be deaf and a hearing dog can be DD or
Dd (i.e., D- represents both homozygous
dominant and heterozygous until the
genotype is determined).
O000
우
The results of a test cross will be either
dd X DD → All Dd (all hearing), the unkonwn
Use fractions or decimals to indicate proportions: In each case, what proportion of the offspring
а.
genotype is DD;
would be expected to be hearing?
or
dd X Dd → ½ Dd + ½ dd (half hearing,
half deaf), the unknown
genotype is Dd.
b.
What proportion would be expected to be deaf?
So, the proportion of hearing dogs will
indicate the unknown genotype.
C.
How could you tell the genotype of the male dog (in parental generation P)?
d. Also, using a Punnett square, how would you explain to the kennel owner that two hearing dogs
could produce deaf offspring? Indicate to the kennel owner what kind(s) of gametes (ova or sperm)
could hearing dogs produce to conceive a deaf puppy
Transcribed Image Text:Background Problem N° 7 Objective: To illustrate the use of test crosses to establish unknown genotypes. In dogs (Canis familiaris), there is a hereditary deafness caused by the recessive gene d. A kennel owner has a male dog (Fido, of course) that she wants to use for breeding purposes. She comes to you for genetic advice. The dog can hear, so you know that his genotype is either DD or Dd. For this problem, you are allowed to use Punnett squares or pedigrees. If Fido's genotype were Dd, the owner would not use him for breeding so that the deafness gene will not be passed on. The dog's genotype can be ascertained via a test-cross with a deaf female (dd). Draw Punnett squares or pedigrees to illustrate these two possible crosses. A test cross uses an individual whose genotype we can be certain of, i.e., a homozygous recessive for a particular trait. Such organism is crossed with one whose genotype we do not know (remember the homozygous recessive always express the recessive phenotype). In this case, a dd dog will be deaf and a hearing dog can be DD or Dd (i.e., D- represents both homozygous dominant and heterozygous until the genotype is determined). O000 우 The results of a test cross will be either dd X DD → All Dd (all hearing), the unkonwn Use fractions or decimals to indicate proportions: In each case, what proportion of the offspring а. genotype is DD; would be expected to be hearing? or dd X Dd → ½ Dd + ½ dd (half hearing, half deaf), the unknown genotype is Dd. b. What proportion would be expected to be deaf? So, the proportion of hearing dogs will indicate the unknown genotype. C. How could you tell the genotype of the male dog (in parental generation P)? d. Also, using a Punnett square, how would you explain to the kennel owner that two hearing dogs could produce deaf offspring? Indicate to the kennel owner what kind(s) of gametes (ova or sperm) could hearing dogs produce to conceive a deaf puppy
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