Problem 10.1 Water flows steadily through a 180° reducing pipe bend as shown in the figure (notice the transition from a larger diameter at section 1 to a smaller diameter at section 2). The atmospheric pressure outside the piping system is Patm = 100 kPa. The pipe bend is connected to the two pipes by flanges. The flanges are held together by flange bolts. Assume the density of water is 1000 kg/m³. At the inlet to the bend, the pressure is P₁ = 350 kPa, the pipe diameter is D₁ = 25 cm, and the water velocity is V₁ = 2.2 m/s. At the outlet of the bend, the pressure is P₂ = 120 kPa and the pipe diameter is D₂ = 8 cm. The weight of the pipe bend and the water in the bend may be neglected for this analysis. 1 5 2 (a) Determine the velocity of the water at the outlet (i.e., at Section 2). Hint: Use CoM principles (and don't forget to draw a system diagram!). (b) Draw appropriate system diagrams to determine the total force acting on the flanges (to keep the system in equilibrium). You can represent the total force on the flanges acting at point "G". (c) Determine the magnitude and direction of the total force of the flange bolts (at point G) on the pipe bend with the stated pressure effects.

Problem 10.1 Water flows steadily through a 180° reducing pipe bend as shown in the figure (notice the transition from a larger diameter at section 1 to a smaller diameter at section 2). The atmospheric pressure outside the piping system is Patm = 100 kPa. The pipe bend is connected to the two pipes by flanges. The flanges are held together by flange bolts. Assume the density of water is 1000 kg/m³. At the inlet to the bend, the pressure is P₁ = 350 kPa, the pipe diameter is D₁ = 25 cm, and the water velocity is V₁ = 2.2 m/s. At the outlet of the bend, the pressure is P₂ = 120 kPa and the pipe diameter is D₂ = 8 cm. The weight of the pipe bend and the water in the bend may be neglected for this analysis. 1 5 2 (a) Determine the velocity of the water at the outlet (i.e., at Section 2). Hint: Use CoM principles (and don't forget to draw a system diagram!). (b) Draw appropriate system diagrams to determine the total force acting on the flanges (to keep the system in equilibrium). You can represent the total force on the flanges acting at point "G". (c) Determine the magnitude and direction of the total force of the flange bolts (at point G) on the pipe bend with the stated pressure effects.

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Concept explainers

Metrology of surface finish

In general terms, the application of scientific principles in the study of measurements is known as metrology. When speaking about measurement, it could be of time, length, microstructures, grain structures, internal crystal discontinuities, surface roughness, measurements of angles, height, width, and so on. While coming to the domain of mechanical engineering, metrology is considered the science of measurements of surface finish, length, surface texture, and angles.

Question

Problem 10.1
Water flows steadily through a 180° reducing pipe bend as
shown in the figure (notice the transition from a larger
diameter at section 1 to a smaller diameter at section 2). The
atmospheric pressure outside the piping system is Patm = 100
kPa. The pipe bend is connected to the two pipes by flanges.
The flanges are held together by flange bolts. Assume the
density of water is 1000 kg/m³.
At the inlet to the bend, the pressure is P₁ = 350 kPa, the pipe
diameter is D₁ = 25 cm, and the water velocity is V₁ = 2.2 m/s.
At the outlet of the bend, the pressure is P₂ = 120 kPa and the
pipe diameter is D₂ = 8 cm.
The weight of the pipe bend and the water in the bend may be
neglected for this analysis.
1
5
G
2
(a) Determine the velocity of the water at the outlet (i.e., at Section 2). Hint: Use CoM
principles (and don't forget to draw a system diagram!).
(b) Draw appropriate system diagrams to determine the total force acting on the flanges (to
keep the system in equilibrium). You can represent the total force on the flanges acting
at point "G".
(c) Determine the magnitude and direction of the total force of the flange bolts (at point G)
on the pipe bend with the stated pressure effects.

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Step 1: Given Pipe bend system

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Step 2: Velocity of water at outlet of bend

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Step 3: Diagram showing the force acting on flange

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Step 4: Force acting on the flange bolts

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