Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Mechanism: Substitution Reaction with NaCl
#### Reaction Overview
This image depicts a substitution reaction where an iodide group on an alkene is replaced by a chloride group from NaCl.
#### Reactants and Products
- **Reactant:** An alkene with an iodine substituent.
- **Reagent:** Sodium chloride (NaCl).
- **Product:** An alkene with a chloride substituent in place of the iodine.
#### Reaction Description
- **Starting Material:** The reactant is an alkene structure where a single iodine atom (I) is attached to the molecule.
- **Reagent Involved:** Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used in the reaction, where the chloride ion will participate in the substitution.
- **Product Formation:** The iodide group is replaced by the chloride ion (Cl), resulting in the formation of a new alkyl chloride product.
#### Mechanism
The reaction proceeds through a typical nucleophilic substitution mechanism:
1. The chloride ion (Cl⁻) from NaCl acts as a nucleophile.
2. The iodine atom leaves the molecule as iodide (I⁻), facilitated by the presence of NaCl.
3. The chloride ion replaces the position previously occupied by iodine, forming the new alkyl chloride product.
The reaction involves the breaking of the C-I bond and the formation of a C-Cl bond.
This type of reaction exemplifies a common method for interchanging halogen atoms in organic molecules, useful in organic synthesis and modifications.
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