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Chemistry
NaOH

NaOH

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Give a complete arrow pushing mechanism to accomplish the major product provided.

### Aldol Condensation Reaction **Reactants:** 1. **Butan-2-one (Methyl isopropyl ketone):** - Structure: A four-carbon chain with a ketone functional group (C=O) on the second carbon. 2. **Benzaldehyde:** - Structure: A benzene ring attached to an aldehyde group (C=O). **Reagent:** - **NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide):** Acts as a base catalyst in the reaction. **Reaction Arrow:** - The arrow indicates the direction of the reaction from reactants to product. **Product:** - **α,β-Unsaturated Ketone (Chalcone):** - Structure: The reaction results in a compound with a conjugated system. The benzene ring is attached to a chain featuring a carbonyl group conjugated with a double bond, formed by the joining of the starting compounds. **Explanation:** The aldol condensation reaction involves the reaction between a ketone and an aldehyde in the presence of a base (NaOH). It results in the formation of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. The base facilitates the deprotonation of the α-hydrogen of the ketone, forming an enolate ion. This ion then attacks the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde, forming a β-hydroxy ketone intermediate. Upon dehydration, the final unsaturated product is achieved.
Transcribed Image Text:### Aldol Condensation Reaction **Reactants:** 1. **Butan-2-one (Methyl isopropyl ketone):** - Structure: A four-carbon chain with a ketone functional group (C=O) on the second carbon. 2. **Benzaldehyde:** - Structure: A benzene ring attached to an aldehyde group (C=O). **Reagent:** - **NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide):** Acts as a base catalyst in the reaction. **Reaction Arrow:** - The arrow indicates the direction of the reaction from reactants to product. **Product:** - **α,β-Unsaturated Ketone (Chalcone):** - Structure: The reaction results in a compound with a conjugated system. The benzene ring is attached to a chain featuring a carbonyl group conjugated with a double bond, formed by the joining of the starting compounds. **Explanation:** The aldol condensation reaction involves the reaction between a ketone and an aldehyde in the presence of a base (NaOH). It results in the formation of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. The base facilitates the deprotonation of the α-hydrogen of the ketone, forming an enolate ion. This ion then attacks the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde, forming a β-hydroxy ketone intermediate. Upon dehydration, the final unsaturated product is achieved.
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