Pressure gradients drive blood flow from the heart to the tissues (systemic circuit) and the heart to the lungs (pulmonary circuit). The same amount of blood must flow through both the systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuit, and yet the pulmonary circuit experiences a significantly lower pressure gradient. Explain how this is the case

Pressure gradients drive blood flow from the heart to the tissues (systemic circuit) and the heart to the lungs (pulmonary circuit). The same amount of blood must flow through both the systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuit, and yet the pulmonary circuit experiences a significantly lower pressure gradient. Explain how this is the case

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter10: The Blood Vessels And Blood Pressure

Section10.2: Arteries

Problem 2CYU

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Frank-Starling law of the heart states: if you increase the stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers you will decrease the force of contraction a greater end diastolic volume will produce a weaker contraction of the ventricle by increasing the force of ventricular contraction you will increase the end systolic volume if you increase the stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers you will increase the force of contraction.
As blood flows from the aorta to the arteries, arterioles, and capillaries and through the venous circulation, it encounters various resistances to flow, which results in pressure drops. Using the table, calculate the resistance for an artery and a capillary. (Note: The viscosity of the blood is 3.5 × 10-3 Pa-s.)
A decrease in the effective circulating blood volume occurs in the circulatory system when moving from a lying, horizontal position to a standing, vertical one. Explain why?
The aorta is the principal blood vessel through which blood leaves the heart in order to circulate around the body. (a) Calculate the average speed of the blood in the aorta if the flow rate is 5.0 L/min. The aorta has a radius of 10 mm. (b) Blood also flows through smaller blood vessels known as capillaries. When the rate of blood flow in the aorta is 5.0 L/min, the speed of blood in the capillaries is about 0.33 mm/s. Given that the average diameter of a capillary is 8.0 μm (1 μm = 1 X 10 –6 m), calculate the number of capillaries in the blood circulatory system.
As a result of ventricular depolarization (T wave), calcium ions are returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and ventricular muscles relax. As the myocardium relaxes, the semilunar valves close. At this time which of the following is true? Group of answer choices (A) ventricular pressure > aortic pressure > atrial pressure (B) atrial pressure > ventricular pressure > aortic pressure (C) aortic pressure > ventricular pressure > atrial pressure (D) aortic pressure > atrial pressure > ventricular pressure
You are studying bulk flow in a tissue. You have measured the following: Blood pressure at the arterial end of the capillary – 30mmHg Osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary – 20 mmHg partial pressure of oxygen at the arterial end of the capillary – 42 mmHg; partial pressure of CO2 – 40mmHg partial pressure of O2 at the venous end – 42 mmHg; partial pressure of CO2 – 46mmHg Blood pressure at the venous end of the capillary – 14mmHg Osmotic pressure at the venous end of the capillary – 20 mmHg Pick all that would apply A)the 10 mm Hg pressure difference will drive blood plasma into the interstitial fluid B)the 6 mm Hg pressure difference will drive blood plasma into the interstitial fluid C)the hydrostatic pressure declines from the arterial side to the venous side because oxygen is lost. D)the pH is lower on the arterial side than on the venous side. E)the osmotic pressure remains constant due to carbon dioxide compensation. F)oxygen is taken up by the…
The aorta, the largest artery in the body (in diameter), carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart as it begins the systemic blood flow circuit throughout the body. Owing to the fact that the aorta connects directly to the heart, the blood pressure (BP) inside the aorta is very high. As blood travels further from the heart, the BP gradually decreases. For example, the BP in the aorta is higher than in the brachial artery; the BP in the brachial artery is greater than in the antecubital artery; the BP in the antecubital artery is greater than in the radial artery. Based on the understanding that walls of the aorta are subjected to extreme outward pressure, hypothesize the order of specific tissue types one would expect to find in the aorta (from deep to superficial) and explain your rationale
a) A consequence of the Frank-Starling law of the heart is that the outputs of the right and left ventricles match. Explain why this is important and how this match is made.b) The excitation-contraction matching mechanism within the heart muscle is different from that of the skeletal muscle. How might these differences be related to the difference between action potentials in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
Diagram electrical conduction of the heart and discuss each component (SA node, AV node, etc). How does this dictate the fluidity of heart contraction? Why does the SA always start the conduction? What is the inherent rate of depolarization of the SA node (this means that if the nervous system was shut off what would resting bpm be)? If it is damaged what happens to the electrical conduction system?
Below are drawings of three different action potentials. Two of these occur in the heart, and one occurs in skeletal muscle. Which one comes from a contractile cardiac muscle cell? A skeletal muscle cell? A cardiac pacemaker cell? For each one, state which ion is responsible for the depolarization phase and which ion is responsible for the repolarization phase.
Rock climbers are at risk of serious injury, including head injuries that result in cranial hemorrhages. When this happens, the body may compensate by increasing its total peripheral resistance via smooth muscle contraction. Explain how doing so impacts the following variables. Describe the physiological relationship between total peripheral resistance and each variable, not just whether that variable increases or decreases during hemorrhage venous pressure: mean arterial pressure: cardiac output:
We analyzed the difference between the action potential of a cardiac contractile cell and an action potential in a neuron. Describe the physiological mechanisms behind the primary difference in the shape of these two action potentials. Why is this feature important to the normal workings of the heart?