Presbycusis is the gradual hearing loss that occurs as a person ages. An estimated one-quarter of Americans between the ages of 65 and 75 and three-quarters of those older than 75 have some degree of hearing loss. An audiologist is interested in the efficacy of three different types of hearing aids. He gathers three groups of hearing-impaired clients: One group receives analog hearing aids, which convert sound waves into amplified electrical signals. The second group receives digital hearing aids, which use directional microphones to control the flow of sound and convert the sound waves into numerical codes before amplifying them. The third group receives cochlear implants. The results come in, and a statistician conducts an analysis of variance. The is that there is no difference between the population means (in other words, there is no treatment effect). The is that at least one of the population means is different from another (in other words, there is an effect of at least one of the treatments). Note: The term “treatment effect” is used even when there is not actually a treatment. The hearing aid type is . The treatments (analog hearing aids, digital hearing aids, and cochlear implants) are . Which of the following might contribute to between-treatments variance? Check all that apply. Systematic differences in the efficacy of the different types of hearing aids Individual differences in a person’s response to hearing aid type Systematic differences in the amplitude of voices heard through different types of hearing aids
Compound Probability
Compound probability can be defined as the probability of the two events which are independent. It can be defined as the multiplication of the probability of two events that are not dependent.
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Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the subject of probability. Although there are many different concepts of probability, probability theory expresses the definition mathematically through a series of axioms. Usually, these axioms express probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure with values ranging from 0 to 1 to a set of outcomes known as the sample space. An event is a subset of these outcomes that is described.
Conditional Probability
By definition, the term probability is expressed as a part of mathematics where the chance of an event that may either occur or not is evaluated and expressed in numerical terms. The range of the value within which probability can be expressed is between 0 and 1. The higher the chance of an event occurring, the closer is its value to be 1. If the probability of an event is 1, it means that the event will happen under all considered circumstances. Similarly, if the probability is exactly 0, then no matter the situation, the event will never occur.
2. Terms and logic of ANOVA
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