P/O = 2.5 P/O = 1.5 Succinate Ascorbate Rotenone and amytal FAD inhibit TMPD Cyanide, azide, and carbon monoxide inhibit complex IV by reaction with cytochrome a, B-Hydroxybutyrate complex I Antimycin A e NAD* FMN Fe-S Со cyt b Fe-S cyt c, cyt c cyt a cyt a, e Ferricyanide Exogenous cytochrome c Femricyanide Coupling site Complex I Coupling site Complex II Coupling site Complex IV

Q: Why is the onion mixture processed through the blender?

A: DNA extraction is the process of isolating  DNA molecule from a biological sample. This was first…

Q: what does it mean if a bacteria tested positive for indole

A: Like several biochemical bacterial experiments, the results of the indole test are indicated by a…

Q: Explain the significance of the Miller-Urey experiments

A: The Miller-Urey experiment was the experiment in which the conditions were created that present on…

Q: Name the following nucleotide: HN P-0-P-0-CH2 OH

A: Nucleic acids are macromolecules. These are of two types - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and…

Q: What amino acid found in proteins causes the response in the Hopkins- Cole test?

A: Amino acids are the simple basic units that are used to make up all the proteins inside the cell.…

Q: Which would make up a 1:1000 dilution? O 1 ml of sample to 999 ml of solution 1 ml of sample to 1000…

A: Dilution is a method to find the observable count during the microbiology experiment. Because it…

Q: 2. Which reactant was missing in the control?

A: In any experimental set up, the group that receives the treatment is the experimental set, on the…

Q: What did Pauling and Corey discover about DNA?

A: Cell is an elemental unit inside the body in which numerous metabolic activities takes place . It…

Q: what is the purpose of the Sorenson index

A: The Sørensen–Dice coefficient  is a strategy used to find the similarity of two samples. This was…

Q: Comment on the ethics surrounding the development of the Pfizer-BioNTech.

A: Vaccines can be described as the weakened or inactive parts of a specific disease-causing organism…

Q: structure of its covalent adduct to DNA

A: Chlorambucil is a monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid replaced at the 4th position by a…

Q: Why was it necessary to soak the gel in hydroxide before performing the blot?

A: Gel electrophoresis is a technique which is used to separate the molecules based on the size of the…

Q: What is BAC DNA?

A: A vector in molecular biology is a DNA molecule that is used to carry the foreign genetic material…

Q: What is the difference between normal and reverse phase chromatography?

A: The main Difference between Normal and reverse phase chromatography is 1) In normal phase…

Q: Why were radioactive sulfur and phosphorous used to label bacteriophage in Hershey and Chase's…

A: Alfred Hershey and Martha chase did so in order to label the protein coat of virus with radioactive…

Q: Question 3 Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic. Which circle indicates the ß-lactam ring? (research…

A: Providing structural support and defense against osmotic pressure, the cell wall is a crucial…

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A: The muscular organ known as the heart is situated in the chest and leans slightly to the left. It…

Q: Write the name as one word, again using the prefix di- because there are two methyl groups.

A: The prefix is the word or number which are added before dictating the number of elements present in…

Q: How did the Hershey–Chase “blender experiments” confirmGriffith’s results?

A: Based on the Griffith experiment's observations, he concluded that genetic material is the…

Q: L-lysine is being produced by Corynebacterium glutamicumin a bioreactorusing glucose as the carbon…

A: Amino acids are the basic elements for the synthesis of proteins, that are important macromolecules…

Q: Be sure to answer all parts. Consider the following mRNA sequence: 5'-GCU AGG CGA-3'. a. What amino…

A: Translation is the process in which the m rna is converted into a polypeptide chain of amino acids…

Q: What effect does alkaline pH have on the viscosity of DNA?

A: a. decreases viscosity

Q: How do these ratios compare with the (A + G)/(T + C) ratio found in DNA? Explain.

A: Chargaff’s rules state that in double-stranded DNA, the number of A nucleotide is always equal to…

Q: A sample was placed on a chromatography column. Dichloromethane was used as the eluting solvent. All…

A: Column chromatography is a technique that allows chemists to separate substances based on their…

Q: What is the use of color reaction tests for proteins in diagnosing diseases? Give an example too!

A: Diagnostics, which can diagnose illness, disorders, or infections, is quickly becoming a critical…

Q: Could Hershey and Chase have used a radioactive isotope of carbon instead of 32P? Why or why not?

A: No. They could not have used radioactive isotope of 32P because both DNA and proteins contain carbon…

Q: QUESTION 2 In the Luria Delbruck experiment, what did the appearance of a bacterial colony on a…

A: Luria–Delbrück experiment  This experiment is also call the Fluctuation Test. This test indicated…

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A: When a chemical spill occurs, particularly in a biologically dynamic environment like a pond, the…

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A: Both “+DNA” and “-DNA” mixtures prepared and plated because in the transformation protocol “+DNA”…

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A: OD value means optical density value at 600nm wavelength of light. In spectroscopy the sample means…

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A: The deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next…

Q: Why was there a greater A260 absorbance reading for your DNA sample that was incubated at higher…

A: Hyperchromicity is the increase in optical density of a substance at a particular wavelength.

Q: How griffin's experiment helps in the identification of DNA as the genetic material?

A: Introduction  In the past years when the genetic and molecular biology techniques were not so…

Q: How does salt help in the DNA extraction process?

A: DNA is extracted to compare the DNAs from different sources and to study the sequence differences.…

Q: How do I find the optimal temperature for the iodine and starch experiment?

A: The optimal temperature for a particular enzyme is the temperature at which the enzyme attains…

Q: What enzyme incorporated the incorrect nucleotide?

A: Introduction  DNA replication is a very speedy process where around 400 nucleotides are added per…

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A: The qPCR is generally useful to determine the actual value of PCR product present at provided cycle.…

Q: What was the purpose of adding RNase or protease to a DNA extract?

A: The experiment conducted by Avery, MacLeod and Mccarty was to demonstrate that the DNA…

Q: Why does DNA appear when you add cold alcohol to the strawberry DNA solution?

A:

Q: Why does the absorbance increase when a DNA sample unwinds?

A: DNA is considered as the double (ds) stranded molecule, which joined together by the H-bond between…

Q: What would the effect be if there was a substitution of one nucleotide for another?

A: Nucleotides:These are the building blocks or structural component of the deoxyribonucleic acid or…

Q: Compatible Macromolecular Structures in Bacillus anthr STÉPHANE MESNAGE,¹ EVELYNE TOSI-COUTURE,2…

A: This description is about the cellular structure of the bacterium bacillus anthracic. This is the…

Q: What are the pharmaceutical uses of Hypotonic solutions?

A: solutions are the mixture of a solvent and solute . based on the concentration of solute , it can be…

Q: Why is RNA more vulnerable to alkaline hydro lysis than DNA?

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a vital biological macromolecule found in all living cells.It is primarily…

DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.

DNA as the Genetic Material

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.

Genetics

The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.      

DNA Replication

The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.