You are provided the mechanical sieve/hydrometer and Atterberg Limit test results for three soils, labeled as Soil #1, Soil #2, and Soil #3. The mechanical sieve results are shown in Figure 1, while Table 2 presents the Atterberg Limit test results. Classify the soils in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and AASHTO.**Figure 1: Mechanical Sieve and Hydrometer Results for Problem #2.**The graph in Figure 1 illustrates the percent passing (by weight) for three different soils (Soil #1, Soil #2, and Soil #3) across a range of grain sizes from 0.0001 mm to 10 mm. The key points are:- The x-axis represents the grain size in millimeters, presented on a logarithmic scale.- The y-axis indicates the percent passing (by weight).- The vertical orange line at 0.075 mm marks the boundary between silt and sand sizes.- Soil #3 (blue line) shows a curve with a steep rise, indicating it's mostly sand and gravel.- Soil #2 (magenta line) shows a moderate trend with a significant portion in the sand range.- Soil #1 (cyan line) shows a gradual increase, indicating a higher proportion of clay-sized particles.**Table 2: Atterberg Limits (ASTM D4318) for Problem #2.**| Soil | LL | PL ||------|-----|-----|| #1 | 68 | 19 || #2 | 39 | 31 || #3 | NA | NA |- **LL** stands for Liquid Limit.- **PL** refers to Plastic Limit.- Soil #1 has a Liquid Limit of 68 and a Plastic Limit of 19.- Soil #2 has a Liquid Limit of 39 and a Plastic Limit of 31.- Atterberg Limits are not applicable (NA) for Soil #3. Use the data provided to classify the soils according to USCS and AASHTO standards.

Given: Soil LL PL 1 68 19 2 39 31 3 NA NA To find: The soil classification with the Unified soil classification system (USCS) The soil classification with the AASHTO soil classification system.Unified soil classification system (USCS): Soil 1: Soil is coarse-grained: more than 50% of the soil is retained on a 0.075mm sieve. The soil which is more than 50% of the coarse particles is retained on the 4.75mm sieve else it is sand. From the plasticity chart: For LL =68 & PI = 68-19=49 The Atterberg limit plot above A-line and also the plasticity index greater than 7 Therefore the soil is classified as SC Sand Plastic fines. Soil 2: Soil is fine-grained: more than 50% of the soil passes through a 0.075mm sieve. The liquid limit of the soil is less than 50, it is grouped in the soil with a low plasticity group For LL =39 & PI = 39-31=8 The Atterberg limit plot below A-line and LL by 30% or even more, the soil is organic. Therefore the soil is classified as OL Organic Low plasticity Soil 3: Since LL and PL values are not applicable, the sample is Highly organic soil Therefore the soil is classified as Peat (Pt)Soil 1: The material passing 0.075 mm sieve is 35 % or less LL = 68 > 41 PI = 49> 11 Therefore the soil is classified as A-2-7 Soil 2: The material passing 0.075 mm sieve is more than 35 % LL=39 < 40 PI = 8 <10 Therefore the soil is classified as A-4. Soil 3. Since the sample is passing 0.075 mm sieve fully Therefore it cannot be classified on the AASHTO. Hence it is Highly clay.Answer: Soil LL PL USCS AASHTO 1 68 19 SC A-2-7 2 39 31 OL A-4 3 NA NA Peat Highly clay

Engineering

Civil Engineering

Percent Passing (by weight) You are provided the mechanical sieve/hydrometer and Atterberg Limit test results for three soils, labeled as Soil #1, Soil #2, and Soil # 3. The mechanical sieve results are shown in Figure 1, while Table 2 presents the Atterberg Limit test results. Classify the soils in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and AASHTO. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.0001 CLAY SIZE Soil #3 Soil #2 Soil #1 0.001 A } Soil #1 #2 #3 SILT SIZE 0.075 mm LL 68 39 SAND SIZE Table 2. Atterberg Limits (ASTM D4318) for Problem #2. ΝΑ 0.01 0.1 Grain Size (mm) Figure 1. Mechanical Sieve and Hydrometer Results for Problem #2. 1 PL 19 31 NA GRAVEL 10 1

Percent Passing (by weight) You are provided the mechanical sieve/hydrometer and Atterberg Limit test results for three soils, labeled as Soil #1, Soil #2, and Soil # 3. The mechanical sieve results are shown in Figure 1, while Table 2 presents the Atterberg Limit test results. Classify the soils in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and AASHTO. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.0001 CLAY SIZE Soil #3 Soil #2 Soil #1 0.001 A } Soil #1 #2 #3 SILT SIZE 0.075 mm LL 68 39 SAND SIZE Table 2. Atterberg Limits (ASTM D4318) for Problem #2. ΝΑ 0.01 0.1 Grain Size (mm) Figure 1. Mechanical Sieve and Hydrometer Results for Problem #2. 1 PL 19 31 NA GRAVEL 10 1

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Concept explainers

Soil engineering for highway design

Soil engineering is a part of geotechnical engineering that deals with the characteristics of soil. It also helps to understand the behavior of the soil in different conditions. The basic concepts of soil are studied to check the strength, compressibility, and porosity of the soil. This makes soil engineering an important topic for civil engineering.

Question

You are provided the mechanical sieve/hydrometer and Atterberg Limit test results for three soils, labeled as Soil #1, Soil #2, and Soil #3. The mechanical sieve results are shown in Figure 1, while Table 2 presents the Atterberg Limit test results. Classify the soils in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and AASHTO.

**Figure 1: Mechanical Sieve and Hydrometer Results for Problem #2.**

The graph in Figure 1 illustrates the percent passing (by weight) for three different soils (Soil #1, Soil #2, and Soil #3) across a range of grain sizes from 0.0001 mm to 10 mm. The key points are:

- The x-axis represents the grain size in millimeters, presented on a logarithmic scale.
- The y-axis indicates the percent passing (by weight).
- The vertical orange line at 0.075 mm marks the boundary between silt and sand sizes.
- Soil #3 (blue line) shows a curve with a steep rise, indicating it's mostly sand and gravel.
- Soil #2 (magenta line) shows a moderate trend with a significant portion in the sand range.
- Soil #1 (cyan line) shows a gradual increase, indicating a higher proportion of clay-sized particles.

**Table 2: Atterberg Limits (ASTM D4318) for Problem #2.**

| Soil | LL | PL |
|------|-----|-----|
| #1 | 68 | 19 |
| #2 | 39 | 31 |
| #3 | NA | NA |

- **LL** stands for Liquid Limit.
- **PL** refers to Plastic Limit.
- Soil #1 has a Liquid Limit of 68 and a Plastic Limit of 19.
- Soil #2 has a Liquid Limit of 39 and a Plastic Limit of 31.
- Atterberg Limits are not applicable (NA) for Soil #3.

Use the data provided to classify the soils according to USCS and AASHTO standards.

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