Part (d) Deep in space there is an average particle density ρ0 = 1.1 cm-3 and an extremely low pressure of P0 = 5.2 × 10-17 N/m2. What is the average temperature of (mostly) empty space? Give your answer in K.
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Problem 6: There are lots of examples of ideal gases in the universe, and they exist in many different conditions. In this problem we will examine what the temperature of these various phenomena are.
Part (a) Give an expression for the temperature of an ideal gas in terms of pressure P, particle density per unit volume ρ, and fundamental constants.
Answer: T = P/( ρ kB )
Part (b) Near the surface of Venus, its atmosphere has a pressure fv= 96 times the pressure of Earth's atmosphere, and a particle density of around ρv = 0.92 × 1027 m-3. What is the temperature of Venus' atmosphere (in C) near the surface?
Answer: Tv = 490.55
Part (c) The Orion nebula is one of the brightest diffuse nebulae in the sky (look for it in the winter, just below the three bright stars in Orion's belt). It is a very complicated mess of gas, dust, young star systems, and brown dwarfs, but let's estimate its temperature if we assume it is a uniform ideal gas. Assume it is a sphere of radius r = 5.8 × 1015 m (around 6 light years) with a total mass 4000 times the mass of the Sun. If the gas is all diatomic hydrogen and the pressure in the nebula is Pn = 6.3 × 10-9 Pa, what is the average temperature (in K) of the nebula? Assume the mass of the sun is Ms = 1.989 × 1030 kg and the mass of a hydrogen atom is mH = 1.67 × 10-27 kg.
Answer: Tn = 156.17
Part (d) Deep in space there is an average particle density ρ0 = 1.1 cm-3 and an extremely low pressure of P0 = 5.2 × 10-17 N/m2. What is the average temperature of (mostly) empty space? Give your answer in K.
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