Part A What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter? Inhibitory neurotransmitters, like GABA, decrease the activity of the receptors, stimulating the ability of nerve cells to send signals to nearby norve cells. Inhibitory neurotransmitters, like GABA, increase the activity of the receptors, stimulating the ability of nerve cells to send signals to nearby nerve cells. Inhibitory neurotransmitters, like GABA, decrease the activity of the receptors, inhibiting the ability of nerve cells to send signals to nearby nerve cells. None of the above Submit Request Answer

Part A What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter? Inhibitory neurotransmitters, like GABA, decrease the activity of the receptors, stimulating the ability of nerve cells to send signals to nearby norve cells. Inhibitory neurotransmitters, like GABA, increase the activity of the receptors, stimulating the ability of nerve cells to send signals to nearby nerve cells. Inhibitory neurotransmitters, like GABA, decrease the activity of the receptors, inhibiting the ability of nerve cells to send signals to nearby nerve cells. None of the above Submit Request Answer

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

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Alcohol affects the central nervous system by enhancing the effect ofGABA at its receptor. GABA binds to GABA receptors and opensligand-gated Cl–channels. However, chronic consumption of alcoholmakes the GABA receptor less sensitive to both alcohol and GABA,which increases alcohol dependence as well as alcohol withdrawalsymptoms, such as anxiety, tremors, and insomnia. Benzodiazepinesenhance the binding of GABA molecules to their receptors and thus aresometimes used to treat people with alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Forsynapses involving GABA, predict the effect of alcohol on the postsynaptic membranes; compare the effect of chronic alcohol consumption onthe postsynaptic membranes in these synapses; and predict the effect ofbenzodiazepine treatment on the degree of polarization of postsynapticmembranes in people who are experiencing alcohol withdrawalsymptoms.
Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are a group of neurotransmitters collectively called monoamines. A lack of these monoamines has been linked to depression. Depression is treated with dru that prolong the effect of these neurotransmitters either by preventing the re-uptake of the neurotransmitters, or by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down these neurotransmitters. Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters'are true? The table lists the classifications of three antidepressants. Antidepressant Classification fluoxetine selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) phenelzine monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor amitriptyline tricyclic antidepressant Check all that apply. View Available Hint(s) MAO inhibitors are examples of monoamine antagonists. EFluoxetine inhibits the enzyme that breaks down monoamines. ODopamine plays a role in feelings of pleasure and pain. DA deficiency of serotonin norepinephrine, and dopamine is associated with depression. Some drug…
Malathion is an insecticide commonly used in the horticultural industry. Many homeowners apply this chemical to their trees to rid them of infestation by aphids or other insects. Malathion is classified as an organophosphate insecticide. Exposure to malathion is very dangerous to humans and animals because it acts as an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Predict what might happen to synaptic communication between cholinergic neurons if an individual or animal was poisoned with malathion, and clearly describe the mechanisms at work.
Heroin (diamorphine) is: O an opioid receptor antagonist. O a long-acting opioid agonist that produces dysphoria. O a drug that is metabolised in humans to morphine. a drug with high liability for physical dependence and low liability for psychological dependence. Question 4 Cocaine exerts sympathomimetic activity by: O acting directly as an agonist at alpha 1-adrenoceptors. inhibiting the re-uptake of noradrenaline at axon terminal sympathetic neurons. O inhibiting alpha 1-adrenoceptors. O inhibiting the breakdown of noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase.
Compare and contrast the receptors and signalling cascade, and the physiological roles for two neurotransmitters in the brain. I need to write 500 words on this question. Can you please help me with this question and can you aslo please send me the reference of the answer.
The figure below shows a signaling pathway activated by the bindiıng of adrehalMNe LU the beta-adrenergic receptor. Binding of adrenaline to the receptor causes GTP-binding and activation of G proteins. Active GTP-bound G protein activates adenylate cyclase to initiate a signaling cascade that affects cellular responses, and includes cellular changes to mediate increased heart rate and accounts for the flight-or-fight response. activated adenylate cyclase adrenaline activated B-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase G protein subunit 22 GTP SDP conformational ATP CAMP change in receptor heterotrimeric G protein ACAMP inactive protein kinase A active protein kinase A 4 cellular responses Consider the homozygous mutation in which a cell produces a variant of adenylate cyclase that can no longer be activated Which of the following are true in this cell? Select all that apply. Heart rate increases Protein Kinase A is not activated CAMP levels are lower than normal Heart rate decreases
Dopamine is a major neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain that regulates mood, cognition and locomotion. Which of the following are true about dopamine signaling in the synapse? Select all that apply. Presynaptic nerve cell Dendrites Axon Nerve impulse Myelin sheath Nerve impulse Neuro- transmitter Synapse Postsynaptic nerve cell Postsynaptic receptors Dopamine receptors are localized in the presynaptic membrane Action potential in presynaptic axon terminal results in the opening of chloride channels Dopamine receptors are localized in the postsynaptic membrane Action potential in presynaptic axon terminal results in the opening of calcium channels
What are the advantages of having an enzyme (like adenylyl cyclase) involved in the initial response to receptor activation by a first messenger?
The graph shows a tracing of membrane potential change during the course of an action potential in a typical neuron. Predict the effect of exposure to the following neurotoxins. Briefly explain how you would expect the action potential to change in the presence of each toxin and why. A toxin produced by puffer fish which specifically binds to voltage-gated sodium channels and blocks the flow of sodium ions through the channel. A toxin found in scoprion venom which slows the closure of voltage-gated sodium channel inactivation gates. Assume that the cell is normally brought to threshold by an electrical stimulus applied to it, so that any change is due only to the presence of the toxin Precise values for voltage and duration are not important, just a general trend in how the action potential may differ from the typical trace shown is expected.
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Organophosphate poisoning is a result of excess acetylcholine at different nerves and receptors in the body because acetylcholinesterase is blocked. Please provide rational to explain how the binding of organophosphate with serine in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme leads to excess accumulation of acetylcholine.
Explain the effects plant chemicals have on people (not just how it changes the way the neurotransmitter works, what does that change do to the person) if they affect PNS neurotransmitters in the following ways: Norepinepherine agonist Norepinepherine antagonist Acetylcholine agonist Acetylcholine antagonist Pick TWO of these, write down the neurotransmitter, then the effect a drug would have on people when doing what is listed in the bullet list.