oxygen species (ROS (i) The above oxidative burst will happen at cellular level. Describe the observable symptoms by naked eyes and explain the symptoms development at cellular level.
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- A tobacco plant has successfully fended off plant pathogen via hypersensitive response (HR). (i) What would you be able to observe on the plant and explain the processes that happened at cellular level? What are the benefits for the tobacco plant that has developed systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in comparison to HR? (ii) (ii) Name the chemical compounds responsible in triggering SAR and how would this signal be transmitted?A) The concentration of CO2 is lower inside a plant cell than in the atmosphere (outside the cell). In your own words, describe how the CO2 levels are kept low inside the plant cell and explain why this is necessary. Assume stomata are open. B) Regarding the situation presented in Part A and assuming that the stomata of the plant leaves are closed, would this favour the induction of photorespiration in a C3 plant? Explain. Make reference to relevant molecule or molecules as needed. Please clearly label your responses as A and BGive comparison between the following:(a) C3 and C4 pathways(b) Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation(c) Anatomy of leaf in C3 and C4 plants
- How may a plant respond to severe heat stress?(A) by reorienting leaves to increase evaporative cooling(B) by creating air tubes for ventilation(C) by producing heat-shock proteins, which may protect theplant’s proteins from denaturing(D) by increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acidsin cell membranes, reducing their fluidityWhat prevents plant cells from bursting when they are placed in hypotonic surroundings?(d) Given below is an apparatus used to study a particular process in plants. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: “香里 Leafy Reservoir shoot Air bubble Graduated capillary tube Coloured water (i) Name the apparatus. (ii) Mention one limitation of this apparatus. (iii) Which phenomenon is studied with the help of this apparatus ? (iv) What is the function of the part marked 'reservoir' ? (v) What is the role of the air bubble in the experiment ?
- i. Based on Figure 2, identify the structure that regulates the movement of water and minerals towards the xylem in the root ii. Predict what will happen to the transportation of water and minerals through the plasma membrane if the root was poisoned and no cellular respiration occurred. iii. . Nitrate and phosphate are important anions for plants. Explain how the movement of protons (H+) influence the anions uptake across the plasma membrane of the root hair cellsIn mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to(A) substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis.(B) oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.(C) carbon fixation.(D) reduction of NADP+.Discuss how the property of plant cell totipotency has been utilised for plant propagation and improvement?(please refer to XII NCERT)
- Describe two strategies that plants use to limit theformation and effects of reactive oxygen species.Comparing cells synthesizing secretory proteins and cells secreting steroid hormones, the cells synthesizing the steroid hormones have: A) more rough ER. B) more smooth ER C) equal amounts of smooth and rough ER D) equal amounts of smooth and rough ER, but more lysosomes. E) equal amounts of smooth and rough ER, but fewer lysosomes.Describe the primary types of plant organs, tissues and cells in each of the following: a) a plain spinach salad and b) a plain potato salad (no toppings).
