oxygen saturation How different elements are contained in a molecule of tetrodotoxin? What are the names of these 2. many elements? (Dolon 3. What type of chemical bonds are found in this molecule? Describe the structure of those bonds. olacule that blocks voltage-gated sodium ion cha
oxygen saturation How different elements are contained in a molecule of tetrodotoxin? What are the names of these 2. many elements? (Dolon 3. What type of chemical bonds are found in this molecule? Describe the structure of those bonds. olacule that blocks voltage-gated sodium ion cha
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what types of molecules are found in this molecule?
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oxygen saturation
How many different elements are contained in a molecule of tetrodotoxin? What are the names of these
elements?
2.
3. What type of chemical bonds are found in this molecule? Describe the structure of those bonds.
4.
As mentioned in the case description, tetrodotoxin is a molecule that blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels.
Describe the structure of a sodium ion.
Ibenozio9-
In
What is a voltage-gated sodium ion channel? What is it made of? What is its function?
6. Why do sodium ions need channels in order to move into and out of cells?
5.
7. Describe the process involved in the movement of ions through these channels.
8. When nerve cells are at rest, there is an unequal amount of positive and negative charges on either side of a
nerve cell membrane. This charge difference is called an electrical potential. Describe this "potential" when the
neuron is at rest (resting potential).
ba
9. What is happening to the electrical potential of a neuron when it generates an action potential? What is the
function of the action potential in neurons?
10. Describe the role of sodium ions and sodium channels in the action potential.
II. What would happen to a neuron if it were exposed to tetrodotoxin? Be specific regarding its effect on the ability
of a neuron to communicate.
12. Now that you have addressed some of the basic biology of this case, explain why Dr. Westwood experienced
numbness after eating the pufferfish meal.
13. Paralysis is a term used to describe the loss of function of muscle. If tetrodotoxin's effect is on neurons, why did
Dr. Westwood experience paralysis?
14. Explain how tetrodotoxin is involved in the development of hypotension and hypoventilation.
15. Briefly describe the role of the autonomic nervous system in human physiology. What are the two divisions of
this system?
16. Atropine was administered in the ED as part of Dr. Westwood's care. What effect did it have on his vitals after
it was administered? Atropine acts as an antagonist within the central nervous system, which means it acts as
a blocker of specific cellular functions. What part of the autonomic nervous system does atropine block to
produce its effect on Dr. Westwood?
Expert Solution
Step 1
In the given question we have to identify the different types of element present in a molecule of tetrodotoxin and the types of chemical bonds finds in this molecule.
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