Over the past year, the vice president of human resources at a large medical center conducted a series of three-month workshops aimed at increasing worker motivation and performance. As a check of effectiveness, she selected 7 employees from the personnel files and recorded their most recent annual performance ratings along with the ratings attained prior to attending the workshops. At a 5% level of significance, is there evidence that the workshops increased performance ratings? Take the differences = before - after. Before After 59 72 72 74 89 62 67 74 81 78 88 92 71 81 Take the differences = before-after. Order the data smallest to largest, ignoring the negative signs. Rank the data from 1 to 7. What rank will observation 5 receive? Add up all the ranks that have a negative difference, T_. What is the value of T_? Add up all the ranks that have a positive difference, T+. What is the value of T+? What is the test statistic, T? The minimum(T_,T+)? From the Table of Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Rank Test, what is the critical value for the test?
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
Over the past year, the vice president of human resources at a large medical center conducted a series of three-month workshops aimed at increasing worker motivation and performance. As a check of effectiveness, she selected 7 employees from the personnel files and recorded their most recent annual performance ratings along with the ratings attained prior to attending the workshops. At a 5% level of significance, is there evidence that the workshops increased performance ratings? Take the differences = before - after.
Before After
59 72
72 74
89 62
67 74
81 78
88 92
71 81
Take the differences = before-after. Order the data smallest to largest, ignoring the negative signs. Rank the data from 1 to 7.
What rank will observation 5 receive?
Add up all the ranks that have a negative difference, T_. What is the value of T_?
Add up all the ranks that have a positive difference, T+. What is the value of T+?
What is the test statistic, T? The minimum(T_,T+)?
From the Table of Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Rank Test, what is the critical value for the test?
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